Havaffald
Havaffald er menneskeskabt affald som med vilje eller ved et uheld er smidt i og er flydende i søer, have, verdenshave eller vandveje. Havaffald i verdenshavene samles sædvanligvis i centrum af en gyre eller ved kystlinjen.
En flydende affaldsø er en samling af større og delvist opløste plasticstykker, som ligger i overfladen, i vandsøjlen nedenunder og på bunden. [1][2][3] I alt skulle der findes 8 affaldsøer ifølge oceanografen Curtis Ebbesmeyer fra Seattle, USA. Der er også en i atlanterhavet. [4]
Noget af affaldet forsøges fordøjet af havdyr. [5]
Indholdsfortegnelse |
[redigér] Historie
Det mest kendte område er The Great Garbage Patch, som flyder rundt i en gyre i det nordlige Stillehav. Affaldsøen blev opdaget sent i 1990'erne.
[redigér] Mikroplastaffald fra syntetisk tøj
Der sendes små plastfibre ud af vaskemaskiner som har ophav i syntetisk tøj. [6] De små plastfibre ophobes i f.eks. fisks celler og bliver f.eks. spist af mennesker.
[redigér] Referencer
- ↑ Mere plastik end plankton (Metroexpress.dk)
- ↑ Gigantisk plastik-ø i Stillehavet under lup (Ekstrabladet.dk)
- ↑ Sea Education Association (2010, August 20). Widespread floating plastic debris found in the western North Atlantic Ocean. ScienceDaily. Retrieved August 21, 2010 Citat: "...One surprising finding is that the concentration of floating plastic debris has not increased during the 22-year period of the study, despite the fact that the plastic disposal has increased substantially. The whereabouts of the "missing plastic" is unknown..."
- ↑ 11.03.2010, National Geographic News: Kæmpe affaldsø opdaget i Atlanterhavet, 24 February 2010, BBC News: Plastic rubbish blights Atlantic Ocean
- ↑ University of California - San Diego (2011, July 1). Plastic found in nine percent of 'garbage patch' fishes: Tens of thousands of tons of debris annually ingested. ScienceDaily Citat: "...9.2 percent of the stomach contents of mid-water fishes contained plastic debris, primarily broken-down bits smaller than a human fingernail. The researchers say the majority of the stomach plastic pieces were so small their origin could not be determined..."
- ↑ 27 January 2012, BBC News: Accumulating 'microplastic' threat to shores Citat: "..."Once the plastics had been eaten, it transferred from [the animals'] stomachs to their circulation system and actually accumulated in their cells," he told BBC News..."We were quite surprised. Some polyester garments released more than 1,900 fibres per garment, per wash," Dr Browne observed..."
[redigér] Eksterne henvisninger
Wikimedia Commons har flere filer relateret til Havaffald
- NOAA Marine Debris Program – US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
- Marine Debris Abatement – US Environmental Protection Agency
- Marine Research, Education and Restoration – Algalita Marine Research Foundation
- Beach Litter – UK Marine Conservation Society
- environment.gov.au: Harmful Marine Debris
