Bruger:MortenMK/sandkasse
The INTELLIPOOL PROJECT[redigér | rediger kildetekst]
The INTELLIPOOL project was a research project funded by the European Union's Research and Innovation funding programme for 2007-2013 [1] under the funding scheme: Research for The Benefit of SMEs.
The project ran in the period from 1. September 2014 to 31. May 2017.
Objective[redigér | rediger kildetekst]
The overall objective of the INTELLIPOOL PROJECT was to develop radically improved systems and technology for on-site treatment of indoor chlorinated recreational bathing waters. The project targeted the multi-aspect challenge of ensuring adequate disinfection and at the same time reducing the bathers and employees exposure to disinfection by-products (DBPs) with technology that reduces energy costs and the use of water and chemical disinfectants.
The starting point for the INTELLIPOOL PROJECT was the development and demonstration of the technical and commercial viability of a highly innovative, intelligent treatment concept, that uses an entirely new, proactive approach in which the treatment system will dynamically predict the loading of actual sources of DBP formation in the swimming pool and adjust the treatment to target, capture, and rapidly remove them in a treatment plant with much less impact on natural resources (water and energy). The new technologies will remove pollution sources causing DBP formation in the pool and water treatment plant and residual atmospheric DBP’s in the in-door air.
Results[redigér | rediger kildetekst]
The INTELLIPOOL PROJECT results has significantly advanced knowledge on indoor swimming pool water and air quality and treatment in the following fields:
Ventilation air- and disinfection by-product transport, distribution and air treatment[redigér | rediger kildetekst]
Using a combination of experimental and modelling work including CFD the research work led to significant improvement in current knowledge on the transport and distribution of volatile chlorinated disinfection by-products and the influence of ventilation system operation and integrated air treatment by UV-based advanced oxidation. The knowledge was transferred into development of a software based control system for optimization of ventilation rate, fresh air intake, air treatment operation for control of temperature, humidity, CO2-levels and DBP-levels in the swimming pool air.
Disinfection, bather load mass balances and DBP-formation[redigér | rediger kildetekst]
Using results from controlled and automatic disinfection experiments with different conditions (pH, temperature, type of introduced bacteria) combined with statistical analysis of several thousands of data from routine bacterial analysis of actual swimming pool water it was found that a chlorine (hypochlorite) concentration of 0.3 mg/L at a pH around neutral (7) was sufficient to ensure adequate disinfection of swimming pool water. This is significantly lower than is standard in many countries.
Based on a combination of existing research literature, controlled bath-tub experiments and online monitoring campaigns with bather counting in real swimming pool facilities, significant progress has been achieved on the understanding of mass balances of the major load compounds chlorine, carbon and nitrogen in relation to bather load in swimming pools. The knowledge gained has been integrated into a numerical mathematical model both working in water and air that can be used in advanced design of the water and air treatment units for a given swimming pool system.
With regards to disinfection by-product formation, a comprehensive study on chloroform formation was conducted which has significantly enhanced current knowledge on the kinetics and mechanisms. This knowledge has been integrated into the numerical mathematical model so that it can be used as part of the design of water and air treatment systems.
Water and air treatment in indoor swimming pools[redigér | rediger kildetekst]
As for the technologies for water and air treatment in the new concept for indoor swimming pools significant progress was made in the understanding and optimization of each single technology and their integrated design with respect to the improved knowledge of the swimming pool water system in terms of mass balances, disinfection and DBP formation. The specific progress achieved comprised optimized chlorine electrolysis technology with respect to lowered chloride and chlorate input, improved design and operation of alternative energy efficient drum filter technology, solid design and operation of chloroform-stripping technology, optimized design of medium pressure UV-technology for combined chlorine removal and new photocatalytic UV-LED technology for DBP removal from ventilation air.
Monitoring and control systems[redigér | rediger kildetekst]
Based on a comprehensive reviewing sutiable sensors to provide data to describe water quality in swimming pool water system an advanced online monitoring system was setup to acquire data to describe the water quality dynamics in relation to bather load. Statistical analysis of the timeseries of several water quality parameters and bather load led to the selection of the most relevant sensor for an advanced control system and for the definition of control strategies. Based on this a complete control system including control algorithms was setup and implemented at a newly build swimming pool based on the entire INTELLIPOOL concept. With the control system operating the entire treatment plant it was possible to save at least 20% of energy consumption of operational cost by turning water treatment technology on and off and by lowering the total circulation flow of the pool water without compromising the water quality.