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| ref = ja
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| navn = Larnaca
| navn = Larnaca
| indfødtnavn = {{WD official name| q = Q171882 }}
| indfødtnavn = Λάρνακα
| mindrebillede1type = Byvåben
| mindrebillede1type = Byvåben
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| mindrebillede1 = Larnaca-Municipality.jpg
| mindrebillede1 = Larnaca-Municipality.jpg
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| billede = <!-- kan hentes fra Wikidata -->
| billede = Larnaca 01-2017 img14 Finikoudes.jpg
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| motto =
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| land = <!-- kan hentes fra Wikidata -->
| land = Cypern
| ledertype = <!-- Bemærk: For udenlandske byer, fx. Borgmester. Danske byer har ingen leder. Det er kun kommunerne, der har borgmestre. -->
| ledertype = Borgmester
| leder = <!-- kan hentes fra Wikidata (udfyld ledertype) -->
| leder = Andreas Vyras ([[AKEL]])
| adminenhedtype1 =
| adminenhedtype1 = Distrikt
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| adminenhed1 = Larnaca Distrikt
| adminenhedtype2 =
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| postnr = <!-- kan hentes fra Wikidata -->
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| indbygtype1 = <!-- kan hentes fra Wikidata (styrer de øvrige indbyg1-parametre -->
| indbygtype1 = Larnaca By
| indbyg1 = <!-- kan hentes fra Wikidata (sammen med og styres af indbygtype1) -->
| indbyg1 = 51468
| indbyg1år = 2015 <ref name="pop">{{cite web|title=Population - Place of Residence, 2011|url=http://www.cystat.gov.cy/mof/cystat/statistics.nsf/All/7F6BB26ED9D00A00C2257AD90055542A/$file/POP_CEN_11-POP_PLACE_RESID-EN-170414.xls?OpenElement|website=Statistical Service of Cyprus (CYSTAT)|date=17 April 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141016191920/http://www.cystat.gov.cy/mof/cystat/statistics.nsf/All/7F6BB26ED9D00A00C2257AD90055542A/$file/POP_CEN_11-POP_PLACE_RESID-EN-170414.xls?OpenElement|archive-date=16 October 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
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| højde = 26
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| webside = http://www.larnaka.org.cy/
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| position =
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| coordinates = {{coord|34|55|N|33|38|E|region:CY_type:city|display=inline,title}}
}}
}}
[[Fil:Larnaca 01-2017 img16 StJoseph Convent.jpg|thumb|Kirke i Larnaca]]
[[Fil:Larnaca 01-2017 img16 StJoseph Convent.jpg|thumb|Sankt Lazarus Kirke]]
'''Larnaca''' er en by på den sydøstlige del af [[Cypern]] med et indbyggertal på {{WD indbyggere}}. Byen, der er Cyperns tredjestørste, er [[hovedstad]] i et distrikt af samme navn og er blandt andet hjemsted for øens største [[lufthavn]], [[Larnaca International Airport]].
'''Larnaca''' er en by på den sydøstlige del af [[Cypern]]. Byen, der er Cyperns tredjestørste, er hovedby i [[Larnaca Distrikt]].
]
Larnaca er kendt for Finikoudes, som er byens kystpromenade med palmetræer, [[Sankt Lazarus Kirke, Larnaca|Sankt Lazarus Kirke]], [[Hala Sultan Tekke|moskeen Hala Sultan Tekke]], [[Kamares Akvædukt]] og [[Larnaca Borg]]. Byen er bygget på ruinerne af oldtidens [[Kition]], som var fødested for filosoffen [[Zenon fra Kition|Zenon]], der grundlagde [[Stoicisme|stoicismen]]. Cyperns primære [[lufthavn]], [[Larnaca International Airport]] ligger sydvest for byen. Larnaca har desuden en [[trafikhavn]] og en [[lystbådehavn]].

==Emytologi==
''Larnaca'' kommer fra det græske ord ''[[larnax]]'', som betyder [[kiste]] eller [[sarkofag]]. Navnet skyldes de mange sargofager som er udgravet i området.<ref>I følge en tavle monteret på muren til [[Larnaca Distrikt Arkæologiske Museum|Larnaca Distrikt Museum]], med titlen "Kition: The necropolis"</ref> Sophocles Hadjisavvas, en statsarkæolog fortæller, at Byens amerikanske konsul i sidste fjerdedel af 1800-tallet, mente at have fundet flere end 3.000 grave i Larnaca, som er opkaldt efter det store antal sarkofager som er fundet i byen".<ref>[http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~semitic/wl/publications/2012/hadjisavvas.html The Phoenician Period Necropolis of Kition, Volume I] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304111945/http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~semitic/wl/publications/2012/hadjisavvas.html |date=4 March 2016 }}</ref>

==Historie==
[[File:Street in Larnaca, Cyprus. Wellcome L0056669.jpg|thumb|left|Street in Larnaca in 1878]]
[[File:STEVENSON(1880) p046 BAZAAR AT LARNACA.jpg|thumb|left|1880 drawing of market in Larnaca]]
{{Hovedartikel|Kition}}
Den tidligere bystat [[Kition]] blev grundlagt i det [[13. århundrede f.Kr.]]<ref>According to the text on the only plaque at the Kathari site ({{As of|2013|lc=y}}).</ref> New cultural elements appearing between 1200 BC and 1000 BC (personal objects, pottery, new architectural forms and ideas) are interpreted as indications of significant political changes and the arrival of the [[Achaeans (tribe)|Achaeans]], the first Greek colonists of Kition.<ref>Excerpt of text on the only plaque at the Kathari site ({{As of|2013|lc=y}}).</ref> Around the same time, [[Phoenicians]] settled the area.

At the [[Kition (ancient state)#The Kition archaeological sites|archaeological sites of Kiteon]], remains that date from the 13th century BC have been found. Around 1000 BC, Kition was rebuilt by [[Phoenicians]] and it subsequently became a center of Phoenician culture. The remains of the sites include [[cyclopean wall]]s and a complex of five temples and a [[naval]] port.

It was conquered in the first millennium BC by a series of great powers of the region. First by the [[Assyrian Empire]], then by Egypt. Like most Cypriot cities, Kition belonged to the Persian or [[Achaemenid Empire]]. In 450 BC, the [[Athens|Athenian]] general [[Cimon]] died at sea, while militarily supporting the revolt against Persia's rule over Cyprus. On his deathbed, he urged his officers to conceal his death from both their allies and the Persians.

Strong<ref name=Guidebook18>{{cite book|last= Flourentzos |first=P.| title= A Guide to the Larnaca District Museum |year=1996 |publisher= Ministry of Communications and Works – Department of Antiquities|isbn=978-9963-36-425-1 |page=18}}</ref> earthquakes hit the city in 76 AD and the year after.

Jordskælvene år 322 og 342 "caused the destruction not only of Kition but also of Salamis and Pafos".<ref name=Guidebook18/> Kition's harbor silted up, and the population moved to the seafront farther south, sometime after this. (Contributing factors to the silting are thought to have been earthquakes, [[deforestation]] and [[overgrazing]].)

The [[port|commercial port]] was located at [[Skala (neighborhood in Larnaca)|Skala]], during the [[Ottoman Cyprus|Ottoman Period]]. [[Skala (neighborhood in Larnaca)|Skala]] is the name of the seashore immediately south of the [[Larnaca castle]]<ref>{{cite book|title=Road & Tourist Map of Larnaka|publisher=SELAS LTD.|isbn=978-9963-566-92-1}}</ref>—and [[Skala (neighborhood in Larnaca)|its neighborhood]]. The city is sometimes colloquially referred to as{{Citation needed|date=March 2013}} "Skala" ({{lang-el|S???a}}) meaning "ladder" or "[[landing stage]]", referring to the historical port.

The [[Bekir Pasha Aqueduct|Kamares aqueduct]] was built in 1747—bringing water to the city from a source around {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=off|0}} from the city.{{Citation needed|date=February 2013}}

==Geografi==
[[Larnaca Saltsø]] fyldes med vand om vinteren og den bliver besøgt af flokke af [[flamingo|flamingoer]] som slår sig ned fra november til slutningen af marts. Saltsøen tørrer som regel ud om sommeren. Tidligere var saltet af høj kvalitet og det kunne anvendes til madlavning, men øget forurening betyder at saltet nu kun kan anvendes industrielt.

===Klima===
Klimaet i dette område beskrives af [[Köppens klimaklassifikation]] som [[steppe]] (''BSh'') på grund af den lille årlige regnmængde og de høje sommertemperaturer, som resulterer i en stor negativ vandbalance. Klimaet beskrives også som [[Middelhavsklima]] på grund af den udtalte regntid om vinteren og stort set tørre sommer, men den samlede årlige regnmængde betyder at klimaet klassificeres som steppe.
<br>
<br>
{{Weather box
|location = Larnaca (baseret på vejrdata fra 1881 til nu)
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|Jan record high C = 22.6
|Feb record high C = 26.2
|Mar record high C = 30.3
|Apr record high C = 34.1
|May record high C = 38.3
|Jun record high C = 40.1
|Jul record high C = 41.1
|Aug record high C = 40.9
|Sep record high C = 39.7
|Oct record high C = 34.8
|Nov record high C = 31.5
|Dec record high C = 26.6
|year record high C = 41.1
|Jan high C = 16.8
|Feb high C = 16.8
|Mar high C = 19.1
|Apr high C = 22.5
|May high C = 26.5
|Jun high C = 30.3
|Jul high C = 32.4
|Aug high C = 32.7
|Sep high C = 30.9
|Oct high C = 28.1
|Nov high C = 22.6
|Dec high C = 18.3
|year high C = 24.7
|Jan mean C = 12.1
|Feb mean C = 11.8
|Mar mean C = 13.9
|Apr mean C = 17.1
|May mean C = 21.2
|Jun mean C = 25.0
|Jul mean C = 27.3
|Aug mean C = 27.6
|Sep mean C = 25.4
|Oct mean C = 22.6
|Nov mean C = 17.5
|Dec mean C = 13.7
|year mean C = 19.6
|Jan low C = 7.5
|Feb low C = 6.9
|Mar low C = 8.7
|Apr low C = 11.7
|May low C = 16.0
|Jun low C = 19.8
|Jul low C = 22.2
|Aug low C = 22.6
|Sep low C = 19.9
|Oct low C = 17.1
|Nov low C = 12.5
|Dec low C = 9.2
|year low C = 14.5
|Jan record low C = -0.9
|Feb record low C = -1.3
|Mar record low C = -1.0
|Apr record low C = 2.0
|May record low C = 8.5
|Jun record low C = 12.5
|Jul record low C = 16.0
|Aug record low C = 15.6
|Sep record low C = 12.4
|Oct record low C = 7.6
|Nov record low C = 1.9
|Dec record low C = 0.6
|year record low C = -1.3
|Jan rain mm = 77.6
|Feb rain mm = 40.9
|Mar rain mm = 34.4
|Apr rain mm = 17.7
|May rain mm = 8.8
|Jun rain mm = 2.7
|Jul rain mm = 0.6
|Aug rain mm = 0.4
|Sep rain mm = 7.1
|Oct rain mm = 13.8
|Nov rain mm = 53.1
|Dec rain mm = 94.5
|rain colour = green
|Jan rain days = 7.9
|Feb rain days = 5.7
|Mar rain days = 4.5
|Apr rain days = 3.1
|May rain days = 0.7
|Jun rain days = 0.3
|Jul rain days = 0.1
|Aug rain days = 0.1
|Sep rain days = 0.5
|Oct rain days = 2.1
|Nov rain days = 4.7
|Dec rain days = 8.0
|unit rain days = 1 mm
|Jan sun = 195.3
|Feb sun = 208.8
|Mar sun = 238.7
|Apr sun = 267.0
|May sun = 331.7
|Jun sun = 378.0
|Jul sun = 387.5
|Aug sun = 365.8
|Sep sun = 312.0
|Oct sun = 275.9
|Nov sun = 216.0
|Dec sun = 179.8
|year sun = 3356.5
|source 1 = Meteorological Service (Cyprus)<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.moa.gov.cy/moa/MS/MS.nsf/DMLclimet_reports_en/DMLclimet_reports_en?OpenDocument&Start=1&Count=1000&Expand=1
|title=Meteorological Service – Climatological and Meteorological Reports
}}</ref>
|source 2 = Meteo Climat (record highs and lows)<ref name = meteoclimat>
{{cite web
| url = http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/station-720-Larnaca.php
| title = Station Maceio
| publisher = Meteo Climat
|language = fr
| access-date = 17 December 2018}}</ref>
|date=December 2010}}

==Seværdigheder==
{{wide image|Larnaca banner.jpg|900px|Panoramic view of Phoinikoudes beach}}

The city's landmarks include: the [[Sankt Lazarus Kirke, Larnaca|Sankt Lazarus Kirke]]; the [[Catacomb of Phaneromeni Church]]; [[Hala Sultan Tekke]]; the [[Bekir Pasha Aqueduct|Kamares Aqueduct]]; and the [[Larnaca Castle|Fort of Larnaca]].

So-called "Foinikoudes" is the [[esplanade|promenade]] along Athenon Avenue on the seafront. A row of palm trees ([[Cypriot Greek]]: {{lang|el|f???????de?}} ''foinikoudes'') lines either side of it.

===Monumenter===
[[File:Lazarus-Kirche, Larnaka (03).jpg|thumb|[[Sankt Lazarus Kirke, Larnaca]]]]
* A [[Bust (sculpture)|bust]] of "[[Cimon|Kimon the Athenian]]" stands on the Foinikoudes Promenade, with this quote referring to him on the [[pedestal]]: "Even in death he was victorious" ({{lang-el|"Ka? ?e???? e???a"|links=no}}).
* The marble bust of [[Zeno of Citium|Zeno]] stands at the crossroads near the American Academy. Zeno was born in Kition in 334 BC. After studying philosophy in [[Athens]], he founded the famous [[Stoicism|Stoic]] school of philosophy.
* The [[Armenian Genocide Memorial in Larnaca|Armenian Genocide Memorial]] stands on Athinon Avenue.

==Økonomi==
[[File:Europe square.JPG|thumb|Europe's square with government buildings]]
Larnaca's economy has been growing since 1975,{{Citation needed|date=February 2013}} after the loss of the [[Port of Famagusta]], which handled 80% of general cargo, and the closure of [[Nicosia International Airport]], meant that Larnaca's airport and seaport had increasingly important roles in the economy of the island. A €650m upgrade of Larnaca Airport has been completed.

The service sector, including tourism, employs three-quarters of Larnaca's labour force.{{Citation needed|date=February 2013}} Many travel and tour operators and other travel-related companies have a head office Larnaca.

==Uddannelse==
[[File:The Cornaro art institute.JPG|thumb|The former Cornaro Institute in Larnaca was an art school and cultural centre prior to its closure by the municipality in 2017]]
There are over a hundred educational institutions in the city,{{Citation needed|date=March 2013}} including the [[American Academy of Larnaca|American Academy]], [[Larnaca Armenian school|Larnaca Nareg Armenian school]] and the Alexander College.

==Kultur==

===Kunst===
Larnaca has a theatre and an art gallery, which are operated by the municipality. The Cornaro Institute was a cultural centre founded by the celebrated Cypriot artist [[Stass Paraskos]] in the Old Town in 2007, which staged contemporary art exhibitions and other cultural events, prior to its closure by Larnaca Municipality in 2017.

===Musik===
[[File:Larnaca band.JPG|thumb|[[Larnaca Municipal Band|The Municipal Wind Orchestra]]]]
Local institutions include the [[Larnaca Municipal Band|Municipal Wind Orchestra]].

===Sport===
Local teams include ([[football (soccer)|football]]:) [[AEK Larnaca FC]] and [[ALKI Larnaca FC]].
Due to the Turkish occupation of [[Famagusta]], the two teams of Famagusta, [[Anorthosis Famagusta|Anorthosis]] and [[Nea Salamina]], are located here.

Local [[sports arena]]s include [[AEK Arena - Georgios Karapatakis]], [[GSZ Stadium]], "[[Antonis Papadopoulos Stadium|Antonis Papadopoulos]]" and "[[Ammochostos Stadium|Ammochostos]]".

International competitions held in the city, include the [[Larnaka International Marathon]] since 2017, the [[Shooting Shotgun European Championships]] in 2012, the [[FIVB Beach Volleyball SWATCH Youth World Championship]] in 2012, the [[European Under-19 Football Championship]] final in 1998 and the [[European Under-17 Football Championship]] final in 1992.

Larnaca attracts windsurfers from around the world especially in autumn. Mackenzie Beach hosts windsurfing centre together with an extreme sports centre.

===Festivaller===
Much of the activity is centered on the city promenade during the major festivals. The most important of these is ''[[Deluge (mythology)|Kataklysmos]]'' or the ''Festival of the Flood'', celebrated in early summer with a series of cultural events. The festival used to last for about a week, but, in recent years, with the increased commercialism of peripheral stalls, rides and temporary [[Lokma|Loukoumades]] restaurants, the festival has been extended to about three weeks, during which the seafront is closed to traffic in the evenings.

===Museer===
Museums found in Larnaca include the [[Larnaca District Archaeological Museum]], [[Pierides Museum (Larnaca)|Pierides Museum]], Agios Lazaros Byzantine Museum, Kallinikeio Municipal Museum of Athienou, Larnaca Medieval Museum, Larnaca Municipal Museum of Natural History, Larnaca Municipal Historical Archives - Museum of Larnaca, Folklore Museum ‘Kostas Kaimakliotis’ - Aradippou, Theasis Museum and [[Kyriazis Medical Museum]].

===Restauranter og mad===
The beaches of Larnaca are lined with nearly identical seafood restaurants catering to tourists. Although there are many continental and international restaurants in Larnaca, visitors do not miss out on indulging in the local food. Many of the staple dishes involve beans, such as ''fasolaki'' ([[French beans]] cooked in red wine with lamb), and ''louvi me lahana'' ([[black-eyed pea]]s with [[chard]]).
Some of the standard appetizers are potato salad, kohlrabi salad, and hot grilled black olives.
The next course may include [[Cyprus village sausage]] and [[sheftalia]], [[dolmades]] and [[kefte]]des, [[kolokassi]] in tomato sauce, and several aubergine-based dishes. Baked or grilled lamb (''[[souvla]]'') usually appears somewhere in the course of dining, as does some kind of fish.

==Transport==
[[File:Larnaka International Airport.JPG|thumb|[[Larnaca International Airport]]]]

The city's [[transport hub]]s are [[Larnaca International Airport]] and [[Larnaca Port]]—the Republic's busiest [[airport]] and second busiest port.

===Offentlig transport===
Public transport in Larnaca is served only by buses. Bus routes and timetables can be found [http://www.cyprusbybus.com/routes.aspx?sid=6 here].

==International relations==

===Twin towns – sister cities===
Larnaca Municipality is [[Twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with the following:<ref>{{cite web|script-title=el:?? ade?f?p???se?? t?? ????a?a?|language=el|website=Larnaca Municipality|url=http://www.larnaka.org.cy/en/page/adelfopoiiseis|access-date=14 April 2014}}</ref>

{{Div col|colwidth=20em}}
* {{flagicon|MEX}} [[Acapulco]], Mexico (since 2011)<ref name="MFA">{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.cy/mfa/embassies/embassy_mexico.nsf/0/4C41F906CA4137F9C2257829007F2BBA/$file/Comunicado%20Gestiones%20hermanamiento%20Acapulco%20-%20Larnaca.pdf |title=Se llevan a cabo gestiones para realizar hermanamiento entre Lárnaca y Acapulco|language=es |access-date=2 February 2017}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Ajaccio]], France (since 1989)
* {{flagicon|Slovakia}} [[Bratislava]], Slovakia (since 2013)<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20130728183628/http://www.bratislava-city.sk/bratislava-twin-towns%7Carchivedate%3D28</ref>
* {{flagicon|GRE}} [[Galaxidi]], Greece (since 2005)<ref name="twinnings-greece">{{cite web|title=?de?f?p???se?? – Twinnings|publisher=Central Union of Municipalities & Communities of Greece|url=http://www.kedke.gr/uploads/twinnedcities.pdf|access-date=14 April 2014}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|GRE}} [[Giannitsa]], Greece (since 2003)<ref name="twinnings-greece" />
* {{flagicon|GRE}} [[Glyfada]], Greece (since 1998)
* {{flagicon|GRE}} [[Ilioupoli]], Greece (since 2000)<ref name="twinnings-greece" />
* {{flagicon|GRE}} [[Larissa]], Greece (since 1990)<ref name="twinnings-greece" />
* {{flagicon|GRE}} [[Leros]], Greece (since 2000)<ref name="twinnings-greece" />
* {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Marrickville, New South Wales|Marrickville]], Australia (since 2005)
* {{flagicon|GRE}} [[Piraeus]], Greece (since 1999)<ref name="twinnings-greece" />
* {{flagicon|GEO}} [[Poti]], Georgia (since 1987)
* {{flagicon|ALB}} [[Sarandë]], Albania (since 1994)
* {{flagicon|HUN}} [[Szeged]], Hungary (since 1993)
* {{flagicon|USA}} [[Tarpon Springs, Florida|Tarpon Springs]], U.S. (since 2009)
* {{flagicon|PRC}} [[Tianjin]], China (since 2007)
* {{flagicon|LBN}} [[Tripoli, Lebanon]]{{citation needed|date=April 2014}}
* {{flagicon|ROU}} [[Tulcea]], Romania (since 2003)
* {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Venice]], Italy (since 2010)
{{Div col end}}

==Notable residents==
* [[Zeno of Citium]] (c. 334 – c. 262 BC), [[Stoicism|Stoic]] philosopher
* [[Apollonios of Kition]] (1st century BC), physician, nicknamed "the Cypriot Hippocrates"
* [[Ebubekir Pasha]] (1670 – 1757/1758), Governor of Larnaca and philanthropist
* [[Demetrios Pieridis]] (1811–1895), founder of the [[Pierides Museum (Larnaca)|Pieridis Museum]]
* [[Dimitris Lipertis]] (1866–1937), national poet
* [[Neoclis Kyriazis]] (1877–1956), medical doctor and historian
* [[Mehmet Nazim Adil]] (1922–2014), leader of the [[Naqshbandi|Nakshbandi]] [[Sufism|Sufi]] order (or [[Tariqah|Tekke]]), born in Larnaca
* [[Kyriacos A. Athanasiou]], Cypriot-American academic, entrepreneur, and past-president of the Biomedical Engineering Society
* [[Stass Paraskos]], artist
* [[Mihalis Violaris]], singer and composer who helped popularise Cypriot music in Greece
* [[Giorgos Theofanous]], composer
* [[Anna Vissi]], singer
* [[Loukas Giorkas|Loucas Yiorkas]], singer, [[The X Factor (Greek TV series)|The X Factor]] winner in 2009
* [[Ada Nicodemou]], actress
* [[Garo Yepremian]], Armenian-Cypriot former NFL [[placekicker]], played as a member of the [[1972 Miami Dolphins]], to date the only team in NFL history to finish with a perfect record
* [[Chrystalleni Trikomiti]], Commonwealth Games gold-medalist rhythmic gymnast
* [[Martino Tirimo]], Cypriot classical pianist

==Galleri==
<gallery>
File:Finikoudes Beach, Larnaca.jpg|Larnaca
File:Fishing port (psarolimano).JPG|Fishing port "Psarolimano"
File:Larnaca 01-2017 img30 Salt Lake.jpg|[[Hala Sultan Tekke]]
File:Larnaca 01-2017 img01 Larnaca Fort.jpg|Castle exterior
File:Castle square wharf.JPG|Castle square pier
File:Kimon statue.JPG|Kimon statue
File:Larnaca 01-2017 img27 Finikoudes.jpg|Finikoudes Avenue
File:Palm trees promenade by night (foinikoudes).JPG|View of Larnaca from sea
File:Larnaca 01-2017 img26 Larnaca Marina.jpg|Larnaca marina
File:Salt lake at sunset.JPG|Larnaca Salt Lake
File:Aspect of the old town.JPG|Aspect of the old town
File:Aspect of the old town2.JPG|Souvenir shops
File:Aspect of the old town3.JPG|Old town
File:Larnaca 01-2017 img25 Kamares Aqueduct.jpg|Old aqueduct [[Bekir Pasha Aqueduct|"Kamares"]]
File:Angeloktisti (built by angels) medieval church.JPG|Angeloktisti medieval church
File:Street in town center.JPG|Street in town center
File:Ermou square.JPG|Ermou square
File:Larnaca 01-2017 img02 StLazarus Church.jpg|Saint Lazarus
File:Vessels near Larnaca port.JPG|Vessels near Larnaca port
File:Larnaca Airport.JPG|Larnaca International Airport
File:Larnaca castle.jpg|Larnaca Castle interior
File:Larnaca 01-2017 img13 Larnaca District Administration.jpg|Building of District Administration Larnaca
File:Larnaca 01-2017 img11 Municipal Gallery.jpg|Europe square
File:Larnaca 01-2017 img08 Pieridis Museum of Antiquities.jpg|[[Pierides Museum (Larnaca)|Pierides Museum]]
File:Larnaca seafront panoramic.jpg|Larnaca seafront panorama
File:View from Oroklini Hill towards Larnaca.jpg|Panoramic view from [[Oroklini]] Hill towards Larnaca

File:Larnaca 01-2017 img12 Armenian Genocide Memorial.jpg|The Armenian Genocide Memorial, unveiled in 2008
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[Larnaca District]]
* [[Kittim]]
* [[Chryspolitissa Orthodox Church]]



== Referencer ==
== Referencer ==
Linje 63: Linje 359:


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{{autoritetsdata}}
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[[Kategori:Byer på Cypern]]
[[Kategori:Byer på Cypern]]

Versionen fra 15. maj 2021, 19:12

Larnaca
Λάρνακα
Byvåben
Fil:Larnaca-Municipality.jpg
Overblik
Land Cypern Cypern
Borgmester Andreas Vyras (AKEL)
Distrikt Larnaca Distrikt
Demografi
Larnaca By 51468 (2015 [1])
Andet
Højde m.o.h. 26 m
Hjemmeside www.larnaka.org.cy
Oversigtskort
Larnaca ligger i Cypern
Larnaca
Larnaca
Larnacas beliggenhed i 34°55′N 33°38′Ø / 34.917°N 33.633°Ø / 34.917; 33.633Koordinater: 34°55′N 33°38′Ø / 34.917°N 33.633°Ø / 34.917; 33.633

Sankt Lazarus Kirke

Larnaca er en by på den sydøstlige del af Cypern. Byen, der er Cyperns tredjestørste, er hovedby i Larnaca Distrikt. ] Larnaca er kendt for Finikoudes, som er byens kystpromenade med palmetræer, Sankt Lazarus Kirke, moskeen Hala Sultan Tekke, Kamares Akvædukt og Larnaca Borg. Byen er bygget på ruinerne af oldtidens Kition, som var fødested for filosoffen Zenon, der grundlagde stoicismen. Cyperns primære lufthavn, Larnaca International Airport ligger sydvest for byen. Larnaca har desuden en trafikhavn og en lystbådehavn.

Emytologi

Larnaca kommer fra det græske ord larnax, som betyder kiste eller sarkofag. Navnet skyldes de mange sargofager som er udgravet i området.[2] Sophocles Hadjisavvas, en statsarkæolog fortæller, at Byens amerikanske konsul i sidste fjerdedel af 1800-tallet, mente at have fundet flere end 3.000 grave i Larnaca, som er opkaldt efter det store antal sarkofager som er fundet i byen".[3]

Historie

Street in Larnaca in 1878
1880 drawing of market in Larnaca
Hovedartikel: Kition.

Den tidligere bystat Kition blev grundlagt i det 13. århundrede f.Kr.[4] New cultural elements appearing between 1200 BC and 1000 BC (personal objects, pottery, new architectural forms and ideas) are interpreted as indications of significant political changes and the arrival of the Achaeans, the first Greek colonists of Kition.[5] Around the same time, Phoenicians settled the area.

At the archaeological sites of Kiteon, remains that date from the 13th century BC have been found. Around 1000 BC, Kition was rebuilt by Phoenicians and it subsequently became a center of Phoenician culture. The remains of the sites include cyclopean walls and a complex of five temples and a naval port.

It was conquered in the first millennium BC by a series of great powers of the region. First by the Assyrian Empire, then by Egypt. Like most Cypriot cities, Kition belonged to the Persian or Achaemenid Empire. In 450 BC, the Athenian general Cimon died at sea, while militarily supporting the revolt against Persia's rule over Cyprus. On his deathbed, he urged his officers to conceal his death from both their allies and the Persians.

Strong[6] earthquakes hit the city in 76 AD and the year after.

Jordskælvene år 322 og 342 "caused the destruction not only of Kition but also of Salamis and Pafos".[6] Kition's harbor silted up, and the population moved to the seafront farther south, sometime after this. (Contributing factors to the silting are thought to have been earthquakes, deforestation and overgrazing.)

The commercial port was located at Skala, during the Ottoman Period. Skala is the name of the seashore immediately south of the Larnaca castle[7]—and its neighborhood. The city is sometimes colloquially referred to as[kilde mangler] "Skala" (græsk: S???a) meaning "ladder" or "landing stage", referring to the historical port.

The Kamares aqueduct was built in 1747—bringing water to the city from a source around 10 kilometer (6 miles) from the city.[kilde mangler]

Geografi

Larnaca Saltsø fyldes med vand om vinteren og den bliver besøgt af flokke af flamingoer som slår sig ned fra november til slutningen af marts. Saltsøen tørrer som regel ud om sommeren. Tidligere var saltet af høj kvalitet og det kunne anvendes til madlavning, men øget forurening betyder at saltet nu kun kan anvendes industrielt.

Klima

Klimaet i dette område beskrives af Köppens klimaklassifikation som steppe (BSh) på grund af den lille årlige regnmængde og de høje sommertemperaturer, som resulterer i en stor negativ vandbalance. Klimaet beskrives også som Middelhavsklima på grund af den udtalte regntid om vinteren og stort set tørre sommer, men den samlede årlige regnmængde betyder at klimaet klassificeres som steppe.

Vejr for Larnaca (baseret på vejrdata fra 1881 til nu)
Jan Feb Mar Apr Maj Jun Jul Aug Sep Okt Nov Dec År
Højest målte °C 22,6 26,2 30,3 34,1 38,3 40,1 41,1 40,9 39,7 34,8 31,5 26,6 41,1
Gennemsnitlig maks °C 16,8 16,8 19,1 22,5 26,5 30,3 32,4 32,7 30,9 28,1 22,6 18,3 24,7
Gennemsnitlig °C 12,1 11,8 13,9 17,1 21,2 25 27,3 27,6 25,4 22,6 17,5 13,7 19,6
Gennemsnitlig min °C 7,5 6,9 8,7 11,7 16 19,8 22,2 22,6 19,9 17,1 12,5 9,2 14,5
Lavest målte °C −0,9 −1,3 −1 2 8,5 12,5 16 15,6 12,4 7,6 1,9 0,6 −1,3
Gennemsnitlig regn mm 77,6 40,9 34,4 17,7 8,8 2,7 0,6 0,4 7,1 13,8 53,1 94,5 351,6
Gns. dage med regn (≥ 1 mm) 7,9 5,7 4,5 3,1 0,7 0,3 0,1 0,1 0,5 2,1 4,7 8 37,7
Gns. månedlige solskinstimer 195,3 208,8 238,7 267 331,7 378 387,5 365,8 312 275,9 216 179,8 3.356,5
Kilde 1: Meteorological Service (Cyprus)[8]
Kilde 2: Meteo Climat (record highs and lows)[9]

Seværdigheder

Panoramic view of Phoinikoudes beach
:Image:Larnaca banner.jpg
Panoramic view of Phoinikoudes beach

The city's landmarks include: the Sankt Lazarus Kirke; the Catacomb of Phaneromeni Church; Hala Sultan Tekke; the Kamares Aqueduct; and the Fort of Larnaca.

So-called "Foinikoudes" is the promenade along Athenon Avenue on the seafront. A row of palm trees (Cypriot Greek: f???????de? foinikoudes) lines either side of it.

Monumenter

Sankt Lazarus Kirke, Larnaca
  • A bust of "Kimon the Athenian" stands on the Foinikoudes Promenade, with this quote referring to him on the pedestal: "Even in death he was victorious" (græsk: "Ka? ?e???? e???a").
  • The marble bust of Zeno stands at the crossroads near the American Academy. Zeno was born in Kition in 334 BC. After studying philosophy in Athens, he founded the famous Stoic school of philosophy.
  • The Armenian Genocide Memorial stands on Athinon Avenue.

Økonomi

Europe's square with government buildings

Larnaca's economy has been growing since 1975,[kilde mangler] after the loss of the Port of Famagusta, which handled 80% of general cargo, and the closure of Nicosia International Airport, meant that Larnaca's airport and seaport had increasingly important roles in the economy of the island. A €650m upgrade of Larnaca Airport has been completed.

The service sector, including tourism, employs three-quarters of Larnaca's labour force.[kilde mangler] Many travel and tour operators and other travel-related companies have a head office Larnaca.

Uddannelse

The former Cornaro Institute in Larnaca was an art school and cultural centre prior to its closure by the municipality in 2017

There are over a hundred educational institutions in the city,[kilde mangler] including the American Academy, Larnaca Nareg Armenian school and the Alexander College.

Kultur

Kunst

Larnaca has a theatre and an art gallery, which are operated by the municipality. The Cornaro Institute was a cultural centre founded by the celebrated Cypriot artist Stass Paraskos in the Old Town in 2007, which staged contemporary art exhibitions and other cultural events, prior to its closure by Larnaca Municipality in 2017.

Musik

Fil:Larnaca band.JPG
The Municipal Wind Orchestra

Local institutions include the Municipal Wind Orchestra.

Sport

Local teams include (football:) AEK Larnaca FC and ALKI Larnaca FC. Due to the Turkish occupation of Famagusta, the two teams of Famagusta, Anorthosis and Nea Salamina, are located here.

Local sports arenas include AEK Arena - Georgios Karapatakis, GSZ Stadium, "Antonis Papadopoulos" and "Ammochostos".

International competitions held in the city, include the Larnaka International Marathon since 2017, the Shooting Shotgun European Championships in 2012, the FIVB Beach Volleyball SWATCH Youth World Championship in 2012, the European Under-19 Football Championship final in 1998 and the European Under-17 Football Championship final in 1992.

Larnaca attracts windsurfers from around the world especially in autumn. Mackenzie Beach hosts windsurfing centre together with an extreme sports centre.

Festivaller

Much of the activity is centered on the city promenade during the major festivals. The most important of these is Kataklysmos or the Festival of the Flood, celebrated in early summer with a series of cultural events. The festival used to last for about a week, but, in recent years, with the increased commercialism of peripheral stalls, rides and temporary Loukoumades restaurants, the festival has been extended to about three weeks, during which the seafront is closed to traffic in the evenings.

Museer

Museums found in Larnaca include the Larnaca District Archaeological Museum, Pierides Museum, Agios Lazaros Byzantine Museum, Kallinikeio Municipal Museum of Athienou, Larnaca Medieval Museum, Larnaca Municipal Museum of Natural History, Larnaca Municipal Historical Archives - Museum of Larnaca, Folklore Museum ‘Kostas Kaimakliotis’ - Aradippou, Theasis Museum and Kyriazis Medical Museum.

Restauranter og mad

The beaches of Larnaca are lined with nearly identical seafood restaurants catering to tourists. Although there are many continental and international restaurants in Larnaca, visitors do not miss out on indulging in the local food. Many of the staple dishes involve beans, such as fasolaki (French beans cooked in red wine with lamb), and louvi me lahana (black-eyed peas with chard). Some of the standard appetizers are potato salad, kohlrabi salad, and hot grilled black olives. The next course may include Cyprus village sausage and sheftalia, dolmades and keftedes, kolokassi in tomato sauce, and several aubergine-based dishes. Baked or grilled lamb (souvla) usually appears somewhere in the course of dining, as does some kind of fish.

Transport

Larnaca International Airport

The city's transport hubs are Larnaca International Airport and Larnaca Port—the Republic's busiest airport and second busiest port.

Offentlig transport

Public transport in Larnaca is served only by buses. Bus routes and timetables can be found here.

International relations

Twin towns – sister cities

Larnaca Municipality is twinned with the following:[10]

Notable residents

Galleri

  • Larnaca
    Larnaca
  • Fishing port "Psarolimano"
    Fishing port "Psarolimano"
  • Hala Sultan Tekke
    Hala Sultan Tekke
  • Castle exterior
    Castle exterior
  • Castle square pier
    Castle square pier
  • Kimon statue
    Kimon statue
  • Finikoudes Avenue
    Finikoudes Avenue
  • View of Larnaca from sea
    View of Larnaca from sea
  • Larnaca marina
    Larnaca marina
  • Larnaca Salt Lake
    Larnaca Salt Lake
  • Aspect of the old town
    Aspect of the old town
  • Souvenir shops
    Souvenir shops
  • Old town
    Old town
  • Old aqueduct "Kamares"
    Old aqueduct "Kamares"
  • Angeloktisti medieval church
    Angeloktisti medieval church
  • Street in town center
    Street in town center
  • Ermou square
    Ermou square
  • Saint Lazarus
    Saint Lazarus
  • Vessels near Larnaca port
    Vessels near Larnaca port
  • Larnaca International Airport
    Larnaca International Airport
  • Larnaca Castle interior
    Larnaca Castle interior
  • Building of District Administration Larnaca
    Building of District Administration Larnaca
  • Europe square
    Europe square
  • Pierides Museum
    Pierides Museum
  • Larnaca seafront panorama
    Larnaca seafront panorama
  • Panoramic view from Oroklini Hill towards Larnaca
    Panoramic view from Oroklini Hill towards Larnaca
  • The Armenian Genocide Memorial, unveiled in 2008
    The Armenian Genocide Memorial, unveiled in 2008

See also


Referencer

  1. ^ "Population - Place of Residence, 2011". Statistical Service of Cyprus (CYSTAT). 17 april 2014. Arkiveret fra originalen 16 oktober 2014.
  2. ^ I følge en tavle monteret på muren til Larnaca Distrikt Museum, med titlen "Kition: The necropolis"
  3. ^ The Phoenician Period Necropolis of Kition, Volume I Arkiveret 4 March 2016 hos Wayback Machine
  4. ^ According to the text on the only plaque at the Kathari site (Skabelon:As of).
  5. ^ Excerpt of text on the only plaque at the Kathari site (Skabelon:As of).
  6. ^ a b Flourentzos, P. (1996). A Guide to the Larnaca District Museum. Ministry of Communications and Works – Department of Antiquities. s. 18. ISBN 978-9963-36-425-1.
  7. ^ Road & Tourist Map of Larnaka. SELAS LTD. ISBN 978-9963-566-92-1.
  8. ^ "Meteorological Service – Climatological and Meteorological Reports".
  9. ^ "Station Maceio" (fransk). Meteo Climat. Hentet 17 december 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1-vedligeholdelse: Dato automatisk oversat (link)
  10. ^ ?? ade?f?p???se?? t?? ????a?a?. Larnaca Municipality (græsk). Hentet 14 april 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1-vedligeholdelse: Dato automatisk oversat (link)
  11. ^ "Se llevan a cabo gestiones para realizar hermanamiento entre Lárnaca y Acapulco" (PDF) (spansk). Hentet 2 februar 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1-vedligeholdelse: Dato automatisk oversat (link)
  12. ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20130728183628/http://www.bratislava-city.sk/bratislava-twin-towns%7Carchivedate%3D28
  13. ^ a b c d e f "?de?f?p???se?? – Twinnings" (PDF). Central Union of Municipalities & Communities of Greece. Hentet 14 april 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1-vedligeholdelse: Dato automatisk oversat (link)

Eksterne henvisninger

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