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TISSEMAND TISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMANDTISSEMAND


== Referencer ==
== Referencer ==

Versionen fra 26. nov. 2014, 22:19

For alternative betydninger, se Base. (Se også artikler, som begynder med Base)

En base er et molekyle eller en ion, der kan optage en hydron jf. Brønsteds definition. En basisk vandig opløsning har en pH-værdi på mellem 7 og 14.

Når baser kommer i forbindelse med vand og optager en hydron, H+, fra vand, dannes der OH- ioner i vandet. Populært siger man at alle baser indeholder OH- ioner, men Brønsteds definition af en base forudsætter ikke en reaktion i vand, Hydroner kan optages fra andre stoffer, som så defineres som syrer.

En vandig opløsning af en base leder den elektriske strøm ligesom andre opløsninger af ioner, salte og syrer, se elektroforese.

Både syrer og baser skal ved bortskaffelse afleveres som farligt affald efter kommunens anvisninger – det gælder også mange rengøringsmidler, der ofte indeholder en stærk base.

Eksempler på baser

Man deler baser op i stærke baser og svage baser alt efter hvor meget de dissocierer når de opløses i vand. Stærke baser dissocierer meget. Svage baser dissocierer kun lidt.

En base kan for eksempel være et rengøringsmiddel. Mange rengøringsmidler er basiske, fordi baser omdanner fedtstof til sæbe, som binder sig til vand og dermed kan skylles væk.

Stærke baser

  • NaOH (Natriumhydroxid) er en stærk base der består af ionerne Na+ og OH-. Natriumhydroxid bruges bl.a. til at rense tilstoppede afløb, fremstille sæbe og til at afsyre træ. Natriumhydroxid har flere handelsnavne såsom kaustisk soda, ætsnatron, natronlud og flydende afløbsrens.
  • KOH (Kaliumhydroxid) er også en stærk base og bruges bl.a. til sæbefremstilling.

Svage baser

Eksempler på syre-base-reaktioner

  • Reaktionen mellem gasserne ammoniak og hydrogenchlorid
  • Ligevægtsreaktionen i almindeligt vand mellem uladede vandmolekyler (H2O), hydroxidioner (OH-) og oxoniumioner (H3O+)Derp derp derp derp derp derp derp derp derp Derp derp derp derp derp derp derp derp derp Derp derp derp derp derp derp derp derp derp Derp derp derp derp derp derp derp derp derp Derp derp derp derp derp derp derp derp derp Derp derp derp derp derp derp derp derp derp Derp derp derp derp derp derp derp derp derp Derp derp derp derp derp derp derp derp derp Derp derp derp derp derp derp derp derp derp Derp derp derp derp derp derp derp derp derp Derp derp derp derp derp derp derp derp derp Derp derp derp derp derp derp derp derp derp Derp derp derp derp derp derp derp derp derp Derp derp derp derp derp derp derp derp derp Derp derp derp derp derp derp derp derp derp Derp derp derp derp derp derp derp derp derpDerp derp derp derp derp derp derp derp derp Derp derp derp derp derp derp derp derp derp Derp derp derp derp derp derp derp derp derp Derp derp derp derp derp 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