Bruger:Kalaha/sandkasse

London Passenger Transport Board
London Passenger Transport Area
Oprindelse	1933 (London Passenger Transport Act 1933)
Opløsning	1948 (Transport Act 1947)
Type	Offentligt organ
Formål	Trafikselskab
Betjeningsområde	London og indenfor 48 km af Charing Cross

London Passenger Transport Board (LPTB) var en organisation, der var ansvarlig for den lokale kollektive trafik i London og omegn fra 1933 til 1948. Som med alle andre trafikselskaber i London fra 1933 til 2000 var det offentligt navn og brandet London Transport.

Historie

LPTB blev dannet gennem London Passenger Transport Act 1933, der trådte i kraft 13. april 1933. Lovforslaget var fremsat af Herbert Morrison, der var Transportminister i Labour-regeringen indtil 1931. Det lykkedes at få rullet behandlingen af lovforslaget videre til det nye parlamentariske samling under den tiltrædende nationalregering med begrundelse i, at lovforslaget var et såkaldt hybridforslag, der var fremsat af staten, men havde direkte indflydelse på private organisationer. Selvom den nye regering hovedsageligt var domineret af de konservative, valgte de at fortsætte med lovforslaget uden nogen markante ændringer, på trods af den omfattende overtagelse af private virksomheder til den offentlige sektor, som lovforlaget indebar.^{[kilde mangler]} 1. juli 1933 blev LPTB til, og det dækkede området "London Passenger Transport Area".

Bestyrelsen

LPTB bestod af en formand og seks andre medlemmer. Medlemmerne blev valgt i fællesskab af besidderne af fem tillidsposter, som beskrevet i loven:

• Formanden for London County Council;
• En repræsentant fra London and Home Counties Traffic Advisory Committee;
• Formanden for Committee of London Clearing Banks;
• Præsidenten for Law Society; og
• Præsidenten for Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales.

Loven krævede at bestyrelsesmedlemmerne skulle være "personer, der har stor erfaring og har vist dygtighed indenfor transport-, industrielle, kommercielle eller finansielle anliggender eller i varetagelsen af offentlige anliggender og, i tilfælde af to medlemmer, skal være personer, der har haft ikke mindre end seks års erfaring i lokaladministration indenfor London Passenger Transport Area."

Den første formand og næstformand var Lord Ashfield og Frank Pick, der havde haft lignende stillinger hos Underground Group. Bestyrelsesmedlemmerne havde en embedsperiode på mellem tre og syv år og kunne genudnævnes.

Medlemmer

• Lord Ashfield, 1933-1947
• Frank Pick, 1933-1940
• Sir John Gilbert (London County Council), 1933-1934
• Sir Edward Holland (Surrey County Council), 1933-1939
• Patrick Ashley Cooper, direktør i Bank of England, senere Sir Patrick og guvenør for Hudson's Bay Company
• Sir Henry Maybury, anlægsingeniør, formand for London and Home Counties Traffic Advisory Committee, 1933-1943
• John Cliff, sekretær for Transport and General Workers Union, 1933-1947
• Charles Latham, (London County Council) 1935-1947
• Colonel Forester Clayton, 1939-1947
• William Charles Henry Whitney (medstifter)^{[kilde mangler]}
• Colonel C G Vickers, 1941-47
• William Neville, 1946-47
• Sir Gilfrid Craig, 1944-46
• Sir Edward Hardy, 1946-47
• Geoffrey Hayworth, 1942-47

Latham og Cliff blev formand og næstformand hos efterfølgeren London Transport Executive i 1947.

London Passenger Transport Area

London Passenger Transport Area havde en omtrentlig radius på 48 km fra Charing Cross og strækte sig længere ud, end hvad der sidenhen officielt blev grænserne til Greater London, til Baldock mod nord, Brentwood mod øst, Horsham mod syd og High Wycombe mod vest.

London Passenger Transport Area 1933-1947

London Passenger Transport Area er skitseret i rød, med LPTB's "specielområde", hvori de havde monopol på lokal kollektiv trafik ad vej, vist med en stiplet sort streg. Den daværende politikredsgrænse af Metropolitan Police Service er vist med en stiplet blå streg, og County of London er markeret i grå. De veje, som LPTB måtte betjene udenfor sit område, er vist med stiplede røde streger. Indenfor specielområdet behøvede ruterne, LPTB opererede, ikke en særlig licens, og ingen person eller virksomhed måtte etablere en rute på offentlig vej uden en skriftlig tilladelse fra LPTB. I London Passenger Transport Area udenfor specielområdet måtte LPTB optage licens for at operere sine ruter.

Ansvarsområder

Gennem lovgivningen overtog LPTB de følgende anliggender:

Jernbaner

• Underground Electric Railways Company of London, der kontrollerede:
  • London Electric Railway, bestyrerselskabet af:
    • Bakerloo line
    • Piccadilly line
    • Hampstead & Highgate line (nu Northern lines Charing Cross-, Edgware- og High Barnet-grene)
  • City and South London Railway (nu Northern lines Bank- og Morden-grene)
  • Central London Railway
  • District Railway
• Metropolitan Railway, der kontrollerede:
  • Great Northern & City Railway

Sporveje

• London County Council Tramways (269 km rute, inklusive spor ejet af Borough of Leyton og City of London og 1.713 sporvogne)
• Middlesex County Council (68,6 km rute, leaset til Metropolitan Electric Tramways)
• Hertfordshire County Council (34,6 km rute, leaset til Metropolitan Electric Tramways)
• City of London (0,4 km rute, opereret af London County Council)
• Barking Corporation (opereret af Ilford Corporation, London County Council og East Ham Corporation siden 1929) (2,9 km rute)
• Bexley og Dartford Urban District Councils (fælles foretagende siden 1921) (16,6 km rute og 33 sporvogne)
• Croydon Corporation Tramways (14,9 km rute og 55 sporvogne)
• East Ham Corporation Tramways (13,4 km rute og 56 sporvogne)
• Erith Urban District Council Tramways (6,4 km)
• Ilford Urban District Council Tramways (11,5 km rute og 40 sporvogne)
• Leyton Corporation Tramways (opereret af London County Council siden 1921) (14,5 km rute)
• Walthamstow Urban District Council Light Railways (14,4 km rute og 62 sporvogne)
• West Ham Corporation Tramways Corporation (26,2 km rute og 134 sporvogne)
• London United Tramways (46,8 km rute, 150 sporvogne og 61 trolleybusser)
• Metropolitan Electric Tramways (86,1 km rute, hvoraf 15,1 km var ejet af selskabet, 74,4 km leaset fra Middlesex County Council og 34,6 km fra Hertfordshire County Council, samt 316 sporvogne)
• South Metropolitan Electric Tramways (21,1 km rute og 52 sporvogne)

Busser og rutebiler

• London General, London General Country Services, Overground, Tilling & British Automobile Traction, Green Line Coaches

Further history

The LPTB was empowered to enter into co-ordination agreements with the main line railway companies concerning their suburban services.

Ninety-two transport and ancillary undertakings, with a capital of approximately £120 million, came under the LPTB. Central buses, trolleybuses, underground trains and trams were painted in "Underground" and "London General" red, coaches and country buses in green, with coaches branded "Green Line". Already in use on most of the tube system, "UNDERGROUND" branding was extended to all lines and stations. The name was said to have been coined by Albert Stanley, 1st Baron Ashfield in 1908 when he was General Manager of the Underground Group.

The LPTB embarked on a £35 million capital investment programme that extended services and reconstructed many existing assets, mostly under the umbrella of the 1935–1940 "New Works Programme". Although only about £21 million of the capital was spent before World War Two it allowed extensions to the Central, Bakerloo, Northern and Metropolitan lines; new trains and maintenance depots; extensive rebuilding of many central area stations (such as Aldgate East); and replacement of much of the tram network by what was to become one of the world's largest trolleybus systems. During this period two icons of London Transport were first seen: 1938 tube stock trains and the RT-type bus. Although curtailed and delayed by the outbreak of World War Two, the programme also delivered some key elements of the present overground sections of the Underground system. However, the most profound change enacted by the Board through the new works was the transition from tram to trolleybus operation alluded to earlier. In 1933 the LPTB had operated 327 route miles of tramways and 18 route miles of trolleybuses. By 1948 these totals were 102 and 255 miles respectively. The final disappearance of trams in 1952 was regretted by some sections of the staff and the public, but in terms of impact on users this was probably the most visible and dramatic change in the period.

The LPTB continued to develop the corporate identity, design and commercial advertising that had been put in place by the Underground Group. This included stations designed by Charles Holden; bus garages by architects such as Wallis, Gilbert & Partners; and more humble structures such as bus stops and shelters. The posters and advertising issued by the LPTB were often of exemplary quality and are still much sought after.

The LPTB was replaced in 1948 by the London Transport Executive under the Transport Act 1947. It was effectively nationalised, but with considerable autonomy. The LPTB continued to exist as a legal entity until wound up on 23 December 1949.

Sources

• T C Barker and Michael Robbins, A History of London Transport, Volume two – the Twentieth Century to 1970, George Allen & Unwin Ltd, 1974

External links

• The Railway Archive – London Passenger Transport Act, 1933 (25 MB)

Efterfulgte: Various other

London public transport authority 1933–1948

Efterfulgtes af: London Transport Executive