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==Arts and entertainment==
==Kunst og underholdning==
{{See also|Music of Canberra}}
{{See also|Music of Canberra}}
[[File:NatMusAus Main Entrance Strip.jpg|left|thumb|The [[National Museum of Australia]] established in 2001 records Australia's social history and is one of Canberra's more architecturally daring buildings.]]
[[File:NatMusAus Main Entrance Strip.jpg|left|thumb|The [[National Museum of Australia]] established in 2001 records Australia's social history and is one of Canberra's more architecturally daring buildings.]]
[[File:War memorial 01.jpg|right|thumb|The [[Australian War Memorial]]]]
[[File:War memorial 01.jpg|right|thumb|The [[Australian War Memorial]]]]


Canberra is home to many national monuments and institutions such as the [[Australian War Memorial]], the [[National Gallery of Australia]], the [[National Portrait Gallery (Australia)|National Portrait Gallery]], the [[National Library of Australia|National Library]],<ref name=map/> the [[National Archives of Australia|National Archives]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.naa.gov.au/info/opening-hours/index.aspx |title=Locations and opening hours |publisher=[[National Archives of Australia]] |accessdate=23. april 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121006072421/http://naa.gov.au/about-us/organisation/locations/index.aspx|archivedate=6. oktober 2012}}</ref> the [[Australian Academy of Science]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.science.org.au/dome/ |title=The Shine Dome |publisher=[[Australian Academy of Science]] |accessdate=23. april 2010}}</ref> the [[National Film and Sound Archive]] and the [[National Museum of Australia|National Museum]].<ref name=map/> Many Commonwealth government buildings in Canberra are open to the public, including [[Parliament House, Canberra|Parliament House]], the [[High Court of Australia|High Court]] and the [[Royal Australian Mint]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.highcourt.gov.au/about_05.html |title=Visiting the High Court |publisher=[[High Court of Australia]] |accessdate=23. april 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091017212110/http://www.highcourt.gov.au/about_05.html |archivedate=17. oktober 2009 |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aph.gov.au/visitors/index.htm |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120217052026/http://aph.gov.au/visitors/index.htm|archivedate=17. februar 2012|title=Visitors |publisher=[[Parliament of Australia]] |accessdate=23. april 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ramint.gov.au/visit/ |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518155139/http://www.ramint.gov.au/visit/|archivedate=18 May 2013|title=Opening hours |publisher=[[Royal Australian Mint]] |accessdate=17 September 2013}}</ref>
Canberra har mange nationale monumenter og institutioner som [[Australian War Memorial]], [[National Gallery of Australia]], [[National Portrait Gallery (Australia)|National Portrait Gallery]], [[National Library of Australia|National Library]],<ref name=map/> [[National Archives of Australia|National Archives]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.naa.gov.au/info/opening-hours/index.aspx |title=Locations and opening hours |publisher=[[National Archives of Australia]] |accessdate=23. april 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121006072421/http://naa.gov.au/about-us/organisation/locations/index.aspx|archivedate=6. oktober 2012}}</ref> [[Australian Academy of Science]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.science.org.au/dome/ |title=The Shine Dome |publisher=[[Australian Academy of Science]] |accessdate=23. april 2010}}</ref> [[National Film and Sound Archive]] og [[National Museum of Australia|National Museum]].<ref name=map/> Mange af de statslige regeringsbygninger i Canberra er åbne for offentligheden, heriblandt [[Parliament House, Canberra|Parliament House]], [[High Court of Australia|High Court]] og [[Royal Australian Mint]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.highcourt.gov.au/about_05.html |title=Visiting the High Court |publisher=[[High Court of Australia]] |accessdate=23. april 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091017212110/http://www.highcourt.gov.au/about_05.html |archivedate=17. oktober 2009 |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aph.gov.au/visitors/index.htm |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120217052026/http://aph.gov.au/visitors/index.htm|archivedate=17. februar 2012|title=Visitors |publisher=[[Parliament of Australia]] |accessdate=23. april 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ramint.gov.au/visit/ |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518155139/http://www.ramint.gov.au/visit/|archivedate=18 May 2013|title=Opening hours |publisher=[[Royal Australian Mint]] |accessdate=17 September 2013}}</ref>


Lake Burley Griffin is the site of the [[Captain James Cook Memorial]] and the [[National Carillon]].<ref name=map>{{cite web|url=http://www.nationalcapital.gov.au/enjoythelake/map.asp |title=Lake Burley Griffin Interactive Map |accessdate=1 June 2009 |publisher=[[National Capital Authority]] |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090522024956/http://www.nationalcapital.gov.au/enjoythelake/map.asp |archivedate=22 May 2009 }}</ref> Other sites of interest include the [[Telstra Tower]], the [[Australian National Botanic Gardens]], the [[National Zoo and Aquarium]], the [[National Dinosaur Museum]] and [[National Science and Technology Centre, Canberra|Questacon – the National Science and Technology Centre]].<ref name=map/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.visitcanberra.com.au/Things%20to%20do%20and%20see/Outdoor%20and%20nature.aspx?currPage=2&category=&l |title=Outdoor and Nature |publisher=Visit Canberra |accessdate=23. april 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101231124810/http://www.visitcanberra.com.au/Things%20to%20do%20and%20see/Outdoor%20and%20nature.aspx?currPage=2&category=&l |archivedate=31. december 2010 }}</ref>
ved Burley Griffin-søen ligger [[Captain James Cook Memorial]] og [[National Carillon]].<ref name=map>{{cite web|url=http://www.nationalcapital.gov.au/enjoythelake/map.asp |title=Lake Burley Griffin Interactive Map |accessdate=1 June 2009 |publisher=[[National Capital Authority]] |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090522024956/http://www.nationalcapital.gov.au/enjoythelake/map.asp |archivedate=22 May 2009 }}</ref> Andre interessante steder er [[Telstra Tower]], [[Australian National Botanic Gardens]], [[National Zoo and Aquarium]], [[National Dinosaur Museum]] og [[National Science and Technology Centre, Canberra|Questacon – the National Science and Technology Centre]].<ref name=map/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.visitcanberra.com.au/Things%20to%20do%20and%20see/Outdoor%20and%20nature.aspx?currPage=2&category=&l |title=Outdoor and Nature |publisher=Visit Canberra |accessdate=23. april 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101231124810/http://www.visitcanberra.com.au/Things%20to%20do%20and%20see/Outdoor%20and%20nature.aspx?currPage=2&category=&l |archivedate=31. december 2010 }}</ref>


[[File:NLA Canberra-01JAC.JPG|thumb|right|A copy of every book published in Australia is required by law to be held by the [[National Library of Australia]].<ref>{{cite Legislation AU|Cth|act|ca1968133|Copyright Act 1968|201}}</ref>]]
[[File:NLA Canberra-01JAC.JPG|thumb|right|A copy of every book published in Australia is required by law to be held by the [[National Library of Australia]].<ref>{{cite Legislation AU|Cth|act|ca1968133|Copyright Act 1968|201}}</ref>]]
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|isbn=1-86448-005-X |last1=Atkinson|first1=Ann|last2=Knight|first2=Linsay|last3=McPhee|first3=Margaret|pages=46–47 |publisher=Allen & Unwin |year=1996}}</ref> and Llewellyn Hall (within the [[ANU School of Music]]), a world-class concert hall are two of the most notable.<ref name=rg>{{cite book |title=Rough Guide to Australia |last=Daly|first=Margo |publisher=Rough Guides |year= 2003 |page=67|isbn=1-84353-090-2 }}</ref> The Street Theatre is a venue with less mainstream offerings.<ref name=rg/> [[Albert Hall, Canberra|The Albert Hall]] was the city's first performing arts venue, opened in 1928. It was the original performance venue for theatre groups such as the Canberra Repertory Society.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.naa.gov.au/about-us/publications/fact-sheets/fs250.aspx |title=Fact sheets |publisher=[[National Archives of Australia]] |accessdate=17. september 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110809131626/http://www.naa.gov.au/about-us/publications/fact-sheets/fs250.aspx|archivedate=9 August 2011}}</ref>
|isbn=1-86448-005-X |last1=Atkinson|first1=Ann|last2=Knight|first2=Linsay|last3=McPhee|first3=Margaret|pages=46–47 |publisher=Allen & Unwin |year=1996}}</ref> and Llewellyn Hall (within the [[ANU School of Music]]), a world-class concert hall are two of the most notable.<ref name=rg>{{cite book |title=Rough Guide to Australia |last=Daly|first=Margo |publisher=Rough Guides |year= 2003 |page=67|isbn=1-84353-090-2 }}</ref> The Street Theatre is a venue with less mainstream offerings.<ref name=rg/> [[Albert Hall, Canberra|The Albert Hall]] was the city's first performing arts venue, opened in 1928. It was the original performance venue for theatre groups such as the Canberra Repertory Society.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.naa.gov.au/about-us/publications/fact-sheets/fs250.aspx |title=Fact sheets |publisher=[[National Archives of Australia]] |accessdate=17. september 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110809131626/http://www.naa.gov.au/about-us/publications/fact-sheets/fs250.aspx|archivedate=9 August 2011}}</ref>


[[Stonefest]] was a large annual festival, for some years one of the biggest festivals in Canberra.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.canberratimes.com.au/entertainment/music/foreshore-festival-axed-for-2013-20130709-2pmz3.html|newspaper=The Canberra Times|publisher=Fairfax Media|first=Jenna|last=Clarke|date=9 July 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130818125850/http://www.canberratimes.com.au/entertainment/music/foreshore-festival-axed-for-2013-20130709-2pmz3.html|archivedate=18 August 2013|title=Foreshore Festival axed for 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/music/stone-rolls-on-20121010-27d7j.html|newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald|publisher=Fairfax Media|date=11 October 2012|title=Stone rolls on|first1=Naomi|last1=Fallon|first2=Joni|last2=Scanlon|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151105035857/http://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/music/stone-rolls-on-20121010-27d7j.html|archivedate=5 November 2015}}</ref> It was downsized and rebranded as Stone Day in 2012.<ref>{{citation|url=http://musicfeeds.com.au/news/stonefest-returns-as-stone-day-2012-lineup-announced/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120919153650/http://musicfeeds.com.au/news/stonefest-returns-as-stone-day-2012-lineup-announced/|archivedate=19. september 2012|date=16. september 2012|title=Stonefest Returns As ‘Stone Day’ – 2012 Lineup Announced |first=Kiel|last=Egging|publisher=Music Feeds}}</ref> There are numerous bars and nightclubs which also offer live entertainment, particularly concentrated in the areas of [[Dickson, Australian Capital Territory|Dickson]], [[Kingston, Australian Capital Territory|Kingston]] and [[City, Australian Capital Territory|the city]].{{sfn|Vaisutis|2009|pp=283-285}} Most town centres have facilities for a community theatre and a cinema, and they all have a library.{{sfn|Universal Publishers|2007|pp=10-12}} Popular cultural events include the [[National Folk Festival (Australia)|National Folk Festival]], the [[Royal Canberra Show]], the [[Summernats]] car festival, [[Enlighten Canberra|Enlighten]] festival, the [[National Multicultural Festival]] in February and the ''Celebrate Canberra'' festival held over 10 days in March in conjunction with Canberra Day.{{sfn|Vaisutis|2009|pp=278}}
[[Stonefest]] was a large annual festival, for some years one of the biggest festivals in Canberra.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.canberratimes.com.au/entertainment/music/foreshore-festival-axed-for-2013-20130709-2pmz3.html|newspaper=The Canberra Times|publisher=Fairfax Media|first=Jenna|last=Clarke|date=9 July 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130818125850/http://www.canberratimes.com.au/entertainment/music/foreshore-festival-axed-for-2013-20130709-2pmz3.html|archivedate=18 August 2013|title=Foreshore Festival axed for 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/music/stone-rolls-on-20121010-27d7j.html|newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald|publisher=Fairfax Media|date=11 October 2012|title=Stone rolls on|first1=Naomi|last1=Fallon|first2=Joni|last2=Scanlon|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151105035857/http://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/music/stone-rolls-on-20121010-27d7j.html|archivedate=5 November 2015}}</ref> It was downsized and rebranded as Stone Day in 2012.<ref>{{citation|url=http://musicfeeds.com.au/news/stonefest-returns-as-stone-day-2012-lineup-announced/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120919153650/http://musicfeeds.com.au/news/stonefest-returns-as-stone-day-2012-lineup-announced/|archivedate=19. september 2012|date=16. september 2012|title=Stonefest Returns As ‘Stone Day’ – 2012 Lineup Announced |first=Kiel|last=Egging|publisher=Music Feeds}}</ref> Der er mange barer og natklubber, som også har levende musik, især i [[Dickson, Australian Capital Territory|Dickson]], [[Kingston, Australian Capital Territory|Kingston]] og [[City, Australian Capital Territory|city]].{{sfn|Vaisutis|2009|pp=283-285}} Most town centres have facilities for a community theatre and a cinema, and they all have a library.{{sfn|Universal Publishers|2007|pp=10-12}} Populære kulturbegivenheder omfatter [[National Folk Festival (Australia)|National Folk Festival]], [[Royal Canberra Show]], [[Summernats]] bilfestival, [[Enlighten Canberra|Enlighten]] festival, [[National Multicultural Festival]] i februar og ''Celebrate Canberra'' festival afholdt over 10 dage i marts sammen med Canberra Day.{{sfn|Vaisutis|2009|pp=278}}


[[File:Canberra Nara park.JPG|thumb|right|Canberra–Nara park with [[Kasuga Shrine|Kasuga]] [[Tōrō|stone lanterns]] framed by the gate]]
[[File:Canberra Nara park.JPG|thumb|right|Canberra–Nara park with [[Kasuga Shrine|Kasuga]] [[Tōrō|stone lanterns]] framed by the gate]]

Versionen fra 14. jan. 2019, 20:15

Kunst og underholdning

Se også Se også: Music of Canberra.
The National Museum of Australia established in 2001 records Australia's social history and is one of Canberra's more architecturally daring buildings.
The Australian War Memorial

Canberra har mange nationale monumenter og institutioner som Australian War Memorial, National Gallery of Australia, National Portrait Gallery, National Library,[1] National Archives,[2] Australian Academy of Science,[3] National Film and Sound Archive og National Museum.[1] Mange af de statslige regeringsbygninger i Canberra er åbne for offentligheden, heriblandt Parliament House, High Court og Royal Australian Mint.[4][5][6]

ved Burley Griffin-søen ligger Captain James Cook Memorial og National Carillon.[1] Andre interessante steder er Telstra Tower, Australian National Botanic Gardens, National Zoo and Aquarium, National Dinosaur Museum og Questacon – the National Science and Technology Centre.[1][7]

A copy of every book published in Australia is required by law to be held by the National Library of Australia.[8]

The Canberra Museum and Gallery in the city is a repository of local history and art, housing a permanent collection and visiting exhibitions.[9] Several historic homes are open to the public: Lanyon and Tuggeranong Homesteads in the Tuggeranong Valley,[10][11] Mugga-Mugga in Symonston,[12] and Blundells' Cottage in Parkes all display the lifestyle of the early European settlers.[13] Calthorpes' House in Red Hill is a well-preserved example of a 1920s house from Canberra's very early days.[14] Canberra has many venues for live music and theatre: the Canberra Theatre and Playhouse which hosts many major concerts and productions;[15] and Llewellyn Hall (within the ANU School of Music), a world-class concert hall are two of the most notable.[16] The Street Theatre is a venue with less mainstream offerings.[16] The Albert Hall was the city's first performing arts venue, opened in 1928. It was the original performance venue for theatre groups such as the Canberra Repertory Society.[17]

Stonefest was a large annual festival, for some years one of the biggest festivals in Canberra.[18][19] It was downsized and rebranded as Stone Day in 2012.[20] Der er mange barer og natklubber, som også har levende musik, især i Dickson, Kingston og city.[21] Most town centres have facilities for a community theatre and a cinema, and they all have a library.[22] Populære kulturbegivenheder omfatter National Folk Festival, Royal Canberra Show, Summernats bilfestival, Enlighten festival, National Multicultural Festival i februar og Celebrate Canberra festival afholdt over 10 dage i marts sammen med Canberra Day.[23]

Canberra–Nara park with Kasuga stone lanterns framed by the gate

Canberra maintains sister-city relationships with both Nara, Japan and Beijing, China. Canberra has friendship-city relationships with both Dili, East Timor and Hangzhou, China.[24] City-to-city relationships encourage communities and special interest groups both locally and abroad to engage in a wide range of exchange activities. The Canberra Nara Candle Festival held annually in spring, is a community celebration of the Canberra Nara Sister City relationship.[25] The festival is held in Canberra Nara Park on the shores of Lake Burley Griffin.[26]

Media

As Australia's capital, Canberra is the most important centre for much of Australia's political reportage and thus all the major media, including the Australian Broadcasting Corporation, the commercial television networks, and the metropolitan newspapers maintain local bureaus. News organisations are represented in the "press gallery", a group of journalists who report on the national parliament. The National Press Club of Australia in Barton has regular television broadcasts of its lunches at which a prominent guest, typically a politician or other public figure, delivers a speech followed by a question-and-answer session.[27]

Print

Canberra has a daily newspaper, The Canberra Times, which was established in 1926.[28][29] There are also several free weekly publications, including news magazines CityNews and Canberra Weekly as well as entertainment guide BMA Magazine. BMA Magazine first went to print in 1992; the inaugural edition featured coverage of the Nirvana Nevermind tour.[30]

Radio

There are a number of AM and FM stations broadcasting in Canberra (AM/FM Listing). The main commercial operators are the Capital Radio Network (2CA and 2CC), and Austereo/ARN (104.7 and Mix 106.3). There are also several community operated stations.
A DAB+ digital radio trial is also in operation, it simulcasts some of the AM/FM stations, and also provides several digital only stations (DAB+ Trial Listing).

Television

Five free-to-air television stations service Canberra:

Each station broadcasts a primary channel and several multichannels.

Prior to 1989, Canberra was serviced by just the ABC, SBS and Capital Television (CTC), which later became Southern Cross Nine, with Prime Television (now Prime7) and WIN Television arriving as part of the Government's regional aggregation programme in that year.[31]

Pay television services are available from Foxtel (via satellite) and telecommunications company TransACT (via cable).[32]

Sport

Skabelon:Main article

A rugby league match at Canberra Stadium

In addition to local sporting leagues, Canberra has a number of sporting teams that compete in national and international competitions. The best known teams are the Canberra Raiders and the Brumbies who play rugby league and rugby union respectively; both have been champions of their leagues.[33][34] Both teams play their home games at Canberra Stadium,[35] which is the city's largest stadium and was used to hold group matches in soccer for the 2000 Summer Olympics and in rugby union for the 2003 Rugby World Cup.[36][37] The city also has a successful basketball team, the Canberra Capitals, which has won seven out of the last eleven national women's basketball titles.[38] Canberra United FC represents the city in the W-League, the national women's association football league, and were champions in the 2011–12 season.[39] The Canberra Vikings represent the city in the National Rugby Championship and finished second in the 2015 season.

There are also teams that participate in national competitions in netball, field hockey, ice hockey, cricket and baseball. Manuka Oval is another large outdoor sporting facility where cricket and Australian Rules football are played.

Expansion AFL club Greater Western Sydney Giants commenced a partnership with Canberra in 2012 under which it will play three home games at Manuka Oval each season until at least 2021. Prior to this the Melbourne-based AFL team the Kangaroos played some home games at Manuka Oval until July 2006.[40] Following the move of the Kangaroos' alternative home ground to Carrara in Queensland, Melbourne and the Western Bulldogs played some home games at Manuka Oval from 2007 against the Sydney Swans.[41] Canberra is also home to the Barassi International Australian Football Youth Tournament.[42] The historic Prime Minister's XI cricket match is played at Manuka Oval annually.[43] Other significant annual sporting events include the Canberra Marathon[44] and the City of Canberra Half Ironman Triathlon.

The Australian Institute of Sport (AIS) is located in the Canberra suburb of Bruce.[45] The AIS is a specialised educational and training institution providing coaching for elite junior and senior athletes in a number of sports. The AIS has been operating since 1981 and has achieved significant success in producing elite athletes, both local and international.[45] The majority of Australia's team members and medallists at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney were AIS graduates.[46]

Canberra has numerous sporting ovals, golf courses, skate parks, and swimming pools that are open to the public. Tennis courts include those at the National Sports Club, Lyneham, former home of the Canberra Women's Tennis Classic. A Canberra-wide series of bicycle paths are available to cyclists for recreational and sporting purposes. Canberra Nature Parks have a large range of walking paths, horse and mountain bike trails. Water sports like sailing, rowing, dragon boating and water skiing are held on Canberra's lakes.[47][48] The Rally of Canberra is an annual motor sport event and a facility for drag racing is being planned for construction.[skal opdateres?][49][50] From 2000 to 2002, Canberra hosted the Canberra 400 event for V8 Supercars on the temporary Canberra Street Circuit, which was located inside the Parliamentary Triangle.

Infrastructure

Health

The Canberra Hospital.

Canberra has two large public hospitals, the approximately 600-bed Canberra Hospital—formerly the Woden Valley Hospital—in Garran and the 174-bed Calvary Public Hospital in Bruce. Both are teaching institutions.[51][52][53][54] The largest private hospital is the Calvary John James Hospital in Deakin.[55][56] Calvary Private Hospital in Bruce and Healthscope's National Capital Private Hospital in Garran are also major healthcare providers.[51][53]

The Royal Canberra Hospital was located on Acton Peninsula on Lake Burley Griffin; it was closed in 1991 and was demolished in 1997 in a controversial and fatal implosion to facilitate construction of the National Museum of Australia.[57][58][1][59][60] The city has 10 aged care facilities. Canberra's hospitals receive emergency cases from throughout southern New South Wales,[61] and ACT Ambulance Service is one of four operational agencies of the ACT Emergency Services Authority.[62] NETS provides a dedicated ambulance service for inter-hospital transport of sick newborns within the ACT and into surrounding New South Wales.[63]

Transport

Aerial view of Tuggeranong Parkway, a major highway which links Canberra's city centre with Tuggeranong.
Canberra International Airport terminal
Canberra Railway Station
ACTION Ansair bodied Renault PR100.2
A Canberra Ford Falcon Taxicab

The automobile is by far the dominant form of transport in Canberra.[64] The city is laid out so that arterial roads connecting inhabited clusters run through undeveloped areas of open land or forest, which results in a low population density;[65] this also means that idle land is available for the development of future transport corridors if necessary without the need to build tunnels or acquire developed residential land. In contrast, other capital cities in Australia have substantially less green space.[66]

Canberra's districts are generally connected by parkways—limited access dual carriageway roads[64][67] with speed limits generally set at a maximum of 100 km/h (62 mph).[68][69] An example is the Tuggeranong Parkway which links Canberra's CBD and Tuggeranong, and bypasses Weston Creek.[70] In most districts, discrete residential suburbs are bounded by main arterial roads with only a few residential linking in, to deter non-local traffic from cutting through areas of housing.[71]

In an effort to improve road safety, traffic cameras were first introduced to Canberra by the Carnell Government in 1999.[72] The traffic cameras installed in Canberra include fixed red-light and speed cameras and point-to-point speed cameras; together they bring in revenue of approximately $11 million per year in fines.[72]

ACTION, the government-operated bus service, provides public transport throughout the city.[73] Qcity Transit provides bus services between Canberra and nearby areas of New South Wales through their Transborder Express brand (Murrumbateman and Yass)[74] and as Qcity Transit (Queanbeyan).[75] A light rail line is under construction. It will be completed in 2018 and will link the CBD with the northern district of Gungahlin. At the 2016 census, 7.1% of the journeys to work involved public transport, while 4.5% walked to work.[76]

There are two local taxi companies. Aerial Capital Group enjoyed monopoly status until the arrival of Cabxpress in 2007.[77] In October 2015 the ACT Government passed legislation to regulate ride sharing, allowing ride share services including Uber to operate legally in Canberra.[78][79][80] The ACT Government was the first jurisdiction in Australia to enact legislation to regulate the service.[81]

An interstate NSW TrainLink railway service connects Canberra to Sydney.[82] Canberra's railway station is in the inner south suburb of Kingston.[83] Between 1920 and 1922 the train line crossed the Molonglo River and ran as far north as the city centre, although the line was closed following major flooding and was never rebuilt, while plans for a line to Yass were abandoned. A 3 ft 6 in (1.067 mm) gauge construction railway was built in 1923 between the Yarralumla brickworks and the provisional Parliament House; it was later extended to Civic, but the whole line was closed in May 1927.[84] Train services to Melbourne are provided by way of a NSW TrainLink bus service which connects with a rail service between Sydney and Melbourne in Yass, about a one-hour drive from Canberra.[82][85]

Plans to establish a high-speed rail service between Melbourne, Canberra and Sydney,[86] have not been implemented, as the various proposals have been deemed economically unviable.[87][88] The original plans for Canberra included proposals for railed transport within the city,[89] however none eventuated.[89] The phase 2 report of the most recent proposal, the High Speed Rail Study, was published by the Department of Infrastructure and Transport on 11 April 2013.[90] A railway connecting Canberra to Jervis Bay was also planned but never constructed.[91]

Canberra is about three hours by road from Sydney on the Federal Highway (National Highway 23),[92] which connects with the Hume Highway (National Highway 31) near Goulburn, and seven hours by road from Melbourne on the Barton Highway (National Highway 25), which joins the Hume Highway at Yass.[92] It is a two-hour drive on the Monaro Highway (National Highway 23) to the ski fields of the Snowy Mountains and the Kosciuszko National Park.[85] Batemans Bay, a popular holiday spot on the New South Wales coast, is also two hours away via the Kings Highway.[85]

Canberra Airport provides direct domestic services to Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Adelaide, Gold Coast and Perth, with connections to other domestic centres.[93] There are also direct flights to small regional towns: Dubbo and Newcastle in New South Wales. Regular commercial international flights operate to Singapore and Wellington from the airport four times a week.[94] Canberra Airport is, as of September 2013, designated by the Australian Government Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development as a restricted use designated international airport.[95] Until 2003 the civilian airport shared runways with RAAF Base Fairbairn. In June of that year, the Air Force base was decommissioned and from that time the airport was fully under civilian control.[96]

Canberra has one of the highest rates of active travel of all Australian major cities, with 7.1 per cent of commuters walking or cycling to work in 2011.[97] An ACT Government survey conducted in late 2010 found that Canberrans walk an average of 26 minutes each day.[98] According to The Canberra Times in March 2014, Canberra's cyclists are involved in an average of four reported collisions every week.[99] The newspaper also reported that Canberra is home to 87,000 cyclists, translating to the highest cycling participation rate in Australia; and, with higher popularity, bike injury rates in 2012 were twice the national average.[100]

Utilities

The Mount Majura Solar Farm has a rated output of 2.3 megawatts and was opened on 6 October 2016.[101]

The government-owned ACTEW Corporation manages Canberra's water and sewerage infrastructure.[102] ActewAGL is a joint venture between ACTEW and AGL, and is the retail provider of Canberra's utility services including water, natural gas, electricity, and also some telecommunications services via a subsidiary TransACT.[103]

Canberra's water is stored in four reservoirs, the Corin, Bendora and Cotter dams on the Cotter River and the Googong Dam on the Queanbeyan River. Although the Googong Dam is located in New South Wales, it is managed by the ACT government.[104] ACTEW Corporation owns Canberra's two wastewater treatment plants, located at Fyshwick and on the lower reaches of the Molonglo River.[105][106]

Electricity for Canberra mainly comes from the national power grid through substations at Holt and Fyshwick (via Queanbeyan).[107] Power was first supplied from a thermal plant built in 1913, near the Molonglo River, but this was finally closed in 1957.[108][109] The ACT has four solar farms, which were opened between 2014 and 2017: Royalla (rated output of 20 megawatts, 2014),[110] Mount Majura (2.3 MW, 2016),[101] Mugga Lane (13 MW, 2017)[111] and Williamsdale (11 MW, 2017).[112] In addition numerous houses in Canberra have photovoltaic panels and/or solar hot water systems. In 2015/16, rooftop solar systems supported by the ACT government's feed-in tariff had a capacity of 26.3 megawatts, producing 34,910 MWh. In the same year, retailer-supported schemes had a capacity of 25.2 megawatts and exported 28,815 MWh to the grid (power consumed locally was not recorded).[113]

There are no wind-power generators in Canberra, but several have been built or are being built or planned in nearby New South Wales, such as the 140.7 megawatt Capital Wind Farm. The ACT government announced in 2013 that it was raising the target for electricity consumed in the ACT to be supplied from renewable sources to 90% by 2020,[114] raising the target from 210 to 550 megawatts.[115] It announced in February 2015 that three wind farms in Victoria and South Australia would supply 200 megawatts of capacity; these are expected to be operational by 2017.[116] Contracts for the purchase of an additional 200 megawatts of power per year from two wind farms in South Australia and New South Wales were announced in December 2015 and March 2016.[117][118] The ACT government announced in 2014 that up to 23 megawatts of feed-in-tariff entitlements would be made available for the establishment of a facility in the ACT or surrounding region for burning household and business waste to produce electricity by 2020.[119]

The ACT has the highest rate with internet access at home (94 per cent of households in 2014–15).[120]

International relations

Twin towns – sister cities

Canberra is twinned with:

Friendship city relationships

  • The Canberra Dili Friendship Agreement was signed in 2004, aiming to build friendship and mutual respect and promote educational, cultural, economic, humanitarian and sporting links between Canberra and Dili.[122]
  • The ACT Government signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with the Hangzhou Municipal People's Government on 29 October 1998; the Agreement was designed to promote business opportunities and cultural exchanges between the two cities.[123]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d e "Lake Burley Griffin Interactive Map". National Capital Authority. Arkiveret fra originalen 22 maj 2009. Hentet 1 juni 2009. {{cite web}}: Ugyldig |deadurl=yes (hjælp); Ukendt parameter |deadurl= ignoreret (|url-status= foreslået) (hjælp)CS1-vedligeholdelse: Dato automatisk oversat (link)
  2. ^ "Locations and opening hours". National Archives of Australia. Arkiveret fra originalen 6. oktober 2012. Hentet 23. april 2010.
  3. ^ "The Shine Dome". Australian Academy of Science. Hentet 23. april 2010.
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  5. ^ "Visitors". Parliament of Australia. Arkiveret fra originalen 17. februar 2012. Hentet 23. april 2010.
  6. ^ "Opening hours". Royal Australian Mint. Arkiveret fra originalen 18 maj 2013. Hentet 17 september 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1-vedligeholdelse: Dato automatisk oversat (link)
  7. ^ "Outdoor and Nature". Visit Canberra. Arkiveret fra originalen 31. december 2010. Hentet 23. april 2010. {{cite web}}: Ugyldig |deadurl=yes (hjælp); Ukendt parameter |deadurl= ignoreret (|url-status= foreslået) (hjælp)
  8. ^ Skabelon:Cite Legislation AU
  9. ^ "Canberra Museum and Gallery". ACT Government. Arkiveret fra originalen 11. maj 2013. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal kræver |journal= (hjælp); Ugyldig |ref=harv (hjælp)
  10. ^ "Lanyon". ACT Museums and Galleries. Arkiveret fra originalen 30 oktober 2009. Hentet 13 maj 2010. {{cite web}}: Ugyldig |deadurl=yes (hjælp); Ukendt parameter |deadurl= ignoreret (|url-status= foreslået) (hjælp)
  11. ^ "Minders of Tuggeranong Homestead". Chief Minister's Department. Hentet 13 maj 2010.{{cite web}}: CS1-vedligeholdelse: Dato automatisk oversat (link)
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  13. ^ Fodnotefejl: Ugyldigt <ref>-tag; ingen tekst er angivet for referencer med navnet BLUNDELL
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  15. ^ Atkinson, Ann; Knight, Linsay; McPhee, Margaret (1996). The Dictionary of Performing Arts in Australia: Opera, Dance, Music. Allen & Unwin. s. 46-47. ISBN 1-86448-005-X.
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  23. ^ Vaisutis 2009, s. 278.
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References