Wikipedia Zero: Forskelle mellem versioner

Fra Wikipedia, den frie encyklopædi
Content deleted Content added
m subkat
m retter fejl i cite-skabelon
Linje 82: Linje 82:
{{Reflist|30em| refs =
{{Reflist|30em| refs =
<ref name='technobuffalo'>
<ref name='technobuffalo'>
{{Cite news|url=https://www.technobuffalo.com/2013/02/22/wikipedia-zero-sms/|title=Wikipedia Zero Wants to Bring Wikipedia to Mobile Users Without a Data Plan|first=Brandon|last=Russell|accessdate=2013-04-08|date=2013-02-02|work=TechnoBuffalo|language={{en sprog}}}}</ref>
{{Cite news|url=https://www.technobuffalo.com/2013/02/22/wikipedia-zero-sms/|title=Wikipedia Zero Wants to Bring Wikipedia to Mobile Users Without a Data Plan|first=Brandon|last=Russell|accessdate=2013-04-08|date=2013-02-02|work=TechnoBuffalo|language=engelsk}}</ref>
<ref name='knightfoundation'>
<ref name='knightfoundation'>
{{cite web|url=http://www.knightfoundation.org/blogs/knightblog/2013/2/22/getting-wikipedia-people-who-need-it-most/|title=Getting Wikipedia to the people who need it most|date=2013-02-22|publisher=Knight Foundation|accessdate=2013-04-08|first=Kul Takanao|last=Wadhwa|language={{en sprog}}}}</ref>
{{cite web|url=http://www.knightfoundation.org/blogs/knightblog/2013/2/22/getting-wikipedia-people-who-need-it-most/|title=Getting Wikipedia to the people who need it most|date=2013-02-22|publisher=Knight Foundation|accessdate=2013-04-08|first=Kul Takanao|last=Wadhwa|language=engelsk}}</ref>
<ref name='popularmechanics'>
<ref name='popularmechanics'>
{{Cite journal|url=http://www.popularmechanics.com/how-to/blog/sxsw-wikipedia-for-non-smartphones-is-brilliant-here-s-why-15189767|title=SXSW: Wikipedia for Non-Smartphones Is Brilliant. Here's Why|accessdate=2013-04-08|date=2013-03-08|first=Erik|last=Sofge|work=[[Popular Mechanics]]|language={{en sprog}}}}</ref>
{{Cite journal|url=http://www.popularmechanics.com/how-to/blog/sxsw-wikipedia-for-non-smartphones-is-brilliant-here-s-why-15189767|title=SXSW: Wikipedia for Non-Smartphones Is Brilliant. Here's Why|accessdate=2013-04-08|date=2013-03-08|first=Erik|last=Sofge|work=[[Popular Mechanics]]|language=engelsk}}</ref>
<ref name='austinchronicle'>
<ref name='austinchronicle'>
{{Cite news|url=http://www.austinchronicle.com/blogs/sxsw/2013-03-12/sxsw-interactive-awards-announced/|title=SXSW Interactive Awards Announced|first=Monica|last=Riese|accessdate=2013-04-08|date=2013-03-12|work=[[The Austin Chronicle]]|location=Austin, Texas|issn=1074-0740|publisher=Austin Chronicle Corp.|language={{en sprog}}}}</ref>
{{Cite news|url=http://www.austinchronicle.com/blogs/sxsw/2013-03-12/sxsw-interactive-awards-announced/|title=SXSW Interactive Awards Announced|first=Monica|last=Riese|accessdate=2013-04-08|date=2013-03-12|work=[[The Austin Chronicle]]|location=Austin, Texas|issn=1074-0740|publisher=Austin Chronicle Corp.|language=engelsk}}</ref>
<ref name='dw'>
<ref name='dw'>
{{cite web|url=http://www.dw.de/wikipedia-zero-free-data-if-you-can-afford-it/a-17304321|title = Wikipedia Zero: free data if you can afford it|last = Dillon|first = Conon|date = 2013-12-18|accessdate = 2014-01-15|language={{en sprog}}}}</ref>
{{cite web|url=http://www.dw.de/wikipedia-zero-free-data-if-you-can-afford-it/a-17304321|title = Wikipedia Zero: free data if you can afford it|last = Dillon|first = Conon|date = 2013-12-18|accessdate = 2014-01-15|language=engelsk}}</ref>
<ref name='wikimedia'>
<ref name='wikimedia'>
{{cite web|url=http://blog.wikimedia.org/2012/05/26/wikipedia-zero-launches-in-malaysia-med-digi/ |title=Wikipedia Zero launches in Malaysia med Digi — Wikimedia blog |publisher=Blog.wikimedia.org |date=2012-05-26 |accessdate=2013-06-27|language={{en sprog}}}}</ref>
{{cite web|url=http://blog.wikimedia.org/2012/05/26/wikipedia-zero-launches-in-malaysia-med-digi/ |title=Wikipedia Zero launches in Malaysia med Digi — Wikimedia blog |publisher=Blog.wikimedia.org |date=2012-05-26 |accessdate=2013-06-27|language=engelsk}}</ref>
<ref name='nation'>
<ref name='nation'>
{{cite news|url=http://www.nation.com.pk/pakistan-news-newspaper-daily-english-online/business/05-Jun-2013/mobilink-brings-wikipedia-zero-to-pakistan |title=Mobilink brings Wikipedia Zero to Pakistan |publisher=nation.com.pk |date= |accessdate=2013-06-27}}</ref>
{{cite news|url=http://www.nation.com.pk/pakistan-news-newspaper-daily-english-online/business/05-Jun-2013/mobilink-brings-wikipedia-zero-to-pakistan |title=Mobilink brings Wikipedia Zero to Pakistan |publisher=nation.com.pk |date= |accessdate=2013-06-27}}</ref>
<ref name='mobilink'>
<ref name='mobilink'>
{{cite web|title=Mobilink brings Wikipedia Zero to Pakistan|url=http://www.mobilink.com.pk/category-media-center/press-releases/mobilink-brings-wikipedia-zero-to-pakistan/|website=[[Mobilink]]|accessdate=12 Juli 2016|language={{en sprog}}}}</ref>
{{cite web|title=Mobilink brings Wikipedia Zero to Pakistan|url=http://www.mobilink.com.pk/category-media-center/press-releases/mobilink-brings-wikipedia-zero-to-pakistan/|website=[[Mobilink]]|accessdate=12 Juli 2016|language=engelsk}}</ref>
<ref name='dialog'>
<ref name='dialog'>
{{cite web|url=https://www.dialog.lk/dlg/mobile-vas-information-services-wikipedia/ |title=Wikipedia FREE |publisher=Dialog |accessdate=2015-07-30}}</ref>
{{cite web|url=https://www.dialog.lk/dlg/mobile-vas-information-services-wikipedia/ |title=Wikipedia FREE |publisher=Dialog |accessdate=2015-07-30}}</ref>
Linje 102: Linje 102:
{{cite web|url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/beta2/news/wikipedia-zero/ |title=Tech Talk &#124; Wikipedia Zero &#124; A righteous initiative for accessing free knowledge |publisher=Archive.thedailystar.net |date=2013-12-02 |accessdate=2014-06-24}}</ref>
{{cite web|url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/beta2/news/wikipedia-zero/ |title=Tech Talk &#124; Wikipedia Zero &#124; A righteous initiative for accessing free knowledge |publisher=Archive.thedailystar.net |date=2013-12-02 |accessdate=2014-06-24}}</ref>
<ref name='thefinancialexpress'>
<ref name='thefinancialexpress'>
{{cite web|url=http://www.thefinancialexpress-bd.com/old/index.php?ref=MjBfMTBfMzBfMTNfMV84OV8xODgzNTY= |title=Banglalink launches Wikipedia Zero :: Financial Express :: Financial Newspaper of Bangladesh |publisher=Thefinancialexpress-bd.com |date= |accessdate=2014-06-24|language={{en sprog}}}}</ref>
{{cite web|url=http://www.thefinancialexpress-bd.com/old/index.php?ref=MjBfMTBfMzBfMTNfMV84OV8xODgzNTY= |title=Banglalink launches Wikipedia Zero :: Financial Express :: Financial Newspaper of Bangladesh |publisher=Thefinancialexpress-bd.com |date= |accessdate=2014-06-24|language=engelsk}}</ref>
<ref name='american-times'>
<ref name='american-times'>
{{cite web|title=Kosovo's Largest Foreign Investment Sets Tone for Innovation|url=http://www.the-american-times.com/kosovo-3/2014/07/22|website=www.the-american-times.com|publisher=Hazlehurst Media SA|accessdate=22 Juli 2014}}</ref>
{{cite web|title=Kosovo's Largest Foreign Investment Sets Tone for Innovation|url=http://www.the-american-times.com/kosovo-3/2014/07/22|website=www.the-american-times.com|publisher=Hazlehurst Media SA|accessdate=22 Juli 2014}}</ref>
Linje 108: Linje 108:
{{cite web|url= http://np.lifestohack.com/wikipedia-zero-arrives-in-nepal-via-ncell-and-you-dont-have-to-pay-a-paisa-to-use-it|title= Wikipedia Zero arrives in Nepal via Ncell and you don’t have to pay a Paisa to use it|accessdate=2014-05-19}}</ref>
{{cite web|url= http://np.lifestohack.com/wikipedia-zero-arrives-in-nepal-via-ncell-and-you-dont-have-to-pay-a-paisa-to-use-it|title= Wikipedia Zero arrives in Nepal via Ncell and you don’t have to pay a Paisa to use it|accessdate=2014-05-19}}</ref>
<ref name='knews'>
<ref name='knews'>
{{cite web|url=http://www.knews.kg/pr_articles/49836_Beeline_otkryil_besplatnyiy_dostup_k_Wikipedia_dlya_svoih_abonentov/|title=Beeline открыл бесплатный доступ к Wikipedia для своих абонентов|publisher=|language={{ru sprog}}}}</ref>
{{cite web|url=http://www.knews.kg/pr_articles/49836_Beeline_otkryil_besplatnyiy_dostup_k_Wikipedia_dlya_svoih_abonentov/|title=Beeline открыл бесплатный доступ к Wikipedia для своих абонентов|publisher=|language=russisk}}</ref>
<ref name='techcabal'>
<ref name='techcabal'>
http://techcabal.com/2014/05/29/wikimedia-foundation-partners-airtel-nigeria-offer-free-wikipedia-access-subscribers</ref>
http://techcabal.com/2014/05/29/wikimedia-foundation-partners-airtel-nigeria-offer-free-wikipedia-access-subscribers</ref>
<ref name='kyivstar'>{{cite web|url=http://www.kyivstar.ua/kr/press_center_new/reporters/releases/?id=47424|title=Абоненти "Київстар" можуть користуватися Wikipedia з нульовим балансом на рахунку
<ref name='kyivstar'>{{cite web|url=http://www.kyivstar.ua/kr/press_center_new/reporters/releases/?id=47424|title=Абоненти "Київстар" можуть користуватися Wikipedia з нульовим балансом на рахунку
|publisher=Kyivstar |accessdate=2014-11-13|language={{ru sprog}}}}</ref>
|publisher=Kyivstar |accessdate=2014-11-13|language=russisk}}</ref>
<ref name='myjoyonline'>
<ref name='myjoyonline'>
{{cite news | url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/business/2014/December-22nd/mtn-ghana-empowers-customers-med-free-access-to-wikipedia.php | title=MTN Ghana empowers customers med free access to Wikipedia | publisher=myjoyonline.com | accessdate=2014-12-23|language={{en sprog}}}}</ref>
{{cite news | url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/business/2014/December-22nd/mtn-ghana-empowers-customers-med-free-access-to-wikipedia.php | title=MTN Ghana empowers customers med free access to Wikipedia | publisher=myjoyonline.com | accessdate=2014-12-23|language=engelsk}}</ref>
<ref name='myjoyonline2'>
<ref name='myjoyonline2'>
{{cite news | url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/business/2014/December-22nd/mtn-ghana-empowers-customers-med-free-access-to-wikipedia.php | title=MTN Ghana empowers customers med free access to Wikipedia |publisher=myjoyonline.com | date=2014-12-22 | agency=Ghana News Agency | accessdate=2014-12-24|language={{en sprog}}}}</ref>
{{cite news | url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/business/2014/December-22nd/mtn-ghana-empowers-customers-med-free-access-to-wikipedia.php | title=MTN Ghana empowers customers med free access to Wikipedia |publisher=myjoyonline.com | date=2014-12-22 | agency=Ghana News Agency | accessdate=2014-12-24|language=engelsk}}</ref>
<ref name='telenor'>
<ref name='telenor'>
{{cite web|url=http://www.telenor.com.mm/pages/free-wikipedia/167|title=TelenorMyanmar - Free Wikipedia|work=telenor.com.mm|language={{en sprog}}}}</ref>
{{cite web|url=http://www.telenor.com.mm/pages/free-wikipedia/167|title=TelenorMyanmar - Free Wikipedia|work=telenor.com.mm|language=engelsk}}</ref>
<ref name='qz'>
<ref name='qz'>
{{cite web|url=http://qz.com/215064/when-net-neutrality-backfires-chile-just-killed-free-access-to-wikipedia-and-facebook/|title = Less than zero – When net neutrality backfires: Chile just killed free access to Wikipedia and Facebook|last = Mirani|first = Leo |publisher= Quartz |date = 2014-05-30|accessdate = 2014-07-02}}</ref>
{{cite web|url=http://qz.com/215064/when-net-neutrality-backfires-chile-just-killed-free-access-to-wikipedia-and-facebook/|title = Less than zero – When net neutrality backfires: Chile just killed free access to Wikipedia and Facebook|last = Mirani|first = Leo |publisher= Quartz |date = 2014-05-30|accessdate = 2014-07-02}}</ref>
<ref name='techpresident'>
<ref name='techpresident'>
{{cite web|url=http://techpresident.com/news/wegov/25090/face-chile-net-neutrality-v-human-right-facebook-wikipedia|title = Face Off in Chile: Net Neutrality v. Human Right to Facebook & Wikipedia|last = McKenzie|first = Jessica|date = 2014-06-02|accessdate =2014-07-02|language={{en sprog}}}}</ref>
{{cite web|url=http://techpresident.com/news/wegov/25090/face-chile-net-neutrality-v-human-right-facebook-wikipedia|title = Face Off in Chile: Net Neutrality v. Human Right to Facebook & Wikipedia|last = McKenzie|first = Jessica|date = 2014-06-02|accessdate =2014-07-02|language=engelsk}}</ref>
<ref name='eff'>
<ref name='eff'>
{{cite web|url=https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2014/07/net-neutrality-and-global-digital-divide|title=Net Neutrality and the Global Digital Divide|work=Electronic Frontier Foundation}}</ref>
{{cite web|url=https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2014/07/net-neutrality-and-global-digital-divide|title=Net Neutrality and the Global Digital Divide|work=Electronic Frontier Foundation}}</ref>
<ref name='accessnow'>
<ref name='accessnow'>
{{cite web|url=https://www.accessnow.org/blog/2014/08/08/wikipedia-zero-and-net-neutrality-wikimedia-turns-its-back-on-the-open|title=Wikipedia Zero and net neutrality: Wikimedia turns its back on the open internet|work=accessnow.org|date=2014-08-08|language={{en sprog}}}}</ref>
{{cite web|url=https://www.accessnow.org/blog/2014/08/08/wikipedia-zero-and-net-neutrality-wikimedia-turns-its-back-on-the-open|title=Wikipedia Zero and net neutrality: Wikimedia turns its back on the open internet|work=accessnow.org|date=2014-08-08|language=engelsk}}</ref>
<ref name='washingtonpost'>
<ref name='washingtonpost'>
{{cite web|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/the-switch/wp/2014/11/25/wikipedias-complicated-relationship-med-net-neutrality/|title=Wikipedia’s ‘complicated’ relationship with net neutrality|work=Washington Post|language={{en sprog}}}}</ref>
{{cite web|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/the-switch/wp/2014/11/25/wikipedias-complicated-relationship-med-net-neutrality/|title=Wikipedia’s ‘complicated’ relationship with net neutrality|work=Washington Post|language=engelsk}}</ref>
<ref name='zdnet'>
<ref name='zdnet'>
{{cite web|url=http://www.zdnet.com/article/who-really-wins-from-facebooks-free-internet-plan-for-africa/|title=Who really wins from Facebook's 'free internet' plan for Africa?|author=Hilary Heuler|work=ZDNet|language={{en sprog}}}}</ref>
{{cite web|url=http://www.zdnet.com/article/who-really-wins-from-facebooks-free-internet-plan-for-africa/|title=Who really wins from Facebook's 'free internet' plan for Africa?|author=Hilary Heuler|work=ZDNet|language=engelsk}}</ref>
<ref name='qz2'>
<ref name='qz2'>
{{cite web|url=http://qz.com/333313/milliions-of-facebook-users-have-no-idea-theyre-using-the-internet/|title=Millions of Facebook users have no idea they’re using the internet|author=Leo Mirani|date=2015-02-09|language={{en sprog}}}}</ref>
{{cite web|url=http://qz.com/333313/milliions-of-facebook-users-have-no-idea-theyre-using-the-internet/|title=Millions of Facebook users have no idea they’re using the internet|author=Leo Mirani|date=2015-02-09|language=engelsk}}</ref>
}}
}}



Versionen fra 18. maj 2019, 18:11

Wikipedia Zero
Wikipedia Zeros logo
Antal medlemmer Wikimedia Foundation
Wikipedia
Eksterne henvisninger
Hjemmeside Wikipedia Zeros hjemmeside Rediger på Wikidata
Information med symbolet Billede af blyant hentes fra Wikidata. Kildehenvisninger foreligger sammesteds.
Image shows Wikipedia is free via Ncell Multi-Network in Nepal.

Wikipedia Zero er et projekt under Wikimedia Foundation der skal give gratis adgang til Wikipedia på mobiltelefoner, specielt i udviklingslandene.[1][2] Det skal ske via zero-rating, som betyder at man intet datagebyr betaler til mobilselskabet når man tilgår en bestemt website, i dette tilfælde Wikipedia.

Projektet blev søsat i 2012,[3] og vandt i 2013 SXSW Interactive Award for activism.[4]

Projektets formål er at forøge adgangen til fri viden gennem gratis dataadgang.

Facebook Zero er blevet nævnt som inspiration for Wikipedia Zero.[5]

Historik

Kort over deltagende lande i maj 2016

Nedenstående er en udvalgt liste over iværksættelser. For en komplet liste henvises til Wikimedia Foundation: mobile network partners.

Modtagelse og betydning

Reklamevideo, producered af Wikimedia Foundation og indtalt af Jimmy Wales.
Reklamevideo om gratis adgang til Wikipedia, med deltagelse af Sydafrikansk skoleklasse og deres åbne brev til teleselskaberne.

Chiles Subsecretaria de Telecomunicaciones har bestemt at zero-rating-tjenester som Wikipedia Zero, Facebook Zero, og Google Free Zone, der subsidierer mobildatabrug, er i modstrid med lov om netneutralitet og skal indstille deres praksis pr. 1. juni 2014.[20][21]

Electronic Frontier Foundation har udtalt, at "selvom de forstår tankegangen bag Wikipedia Zero, er zero-ratede tjenester et farligt kompromis."[22] Accessnow.org og har været mere kritiske, idet de har udtalt, at "Wikimedia har altid været i front, når det gjaldt fri adgang til information, men det er afgørende at beskrive zero-ratingtjenester for det de er: Kortsigtede aftaler der gør stor skade på fremtiden for det åbne internet."[23] Wikimedia Foundations Gayle Karen Young forsvarede programmet overforWashington Post: "Vi har et kompliceret forhold til netneutralitet. Vi tror på netneutralitet i USA" men tilføjer at man må se på Wikipedia Zero i et andet perspektiv i andre lande: "At selvom partnerskaber med teleselskaber udvisker netneutralitet på kort sigt, opfylder det vores målsætning om at tilbyde fri viden til alle."[24]

Hilary Heuler argumenterer for at "for mange vil "zero-rate" programmer begrænse deres online-adgang til internettets sværvægteres "indhegnede haver". For millioner af brugere vil Facebook og Wikipedia blive synonymt med internettet".[25]

I 2015 fandt studier der undersøgte hvordan tilsvarende programmer som Facebook Zero havde formet internetbrug i udviklingslandene, at 11% af indonesere som sagde at de brugte Facebook også sagde at de ikke brugte internettet. 65% af nigerianerne og 61% af indoneserne var enige i udsagnet "Facebook er internettet" sammenlignet med kun 5% af amerikanerne.[26]

Se også

Kilder

  1. ^ Russell, Brandon (2013-02-02). "Wikipedia Zero Wants to Bring Wikipedia to Mobile Users Without a Data Plan". TechnoBuffalo (engelsk). Hentet 2013-04-08.
  2. ^ Wadhwa, Kul Takanao (2013-02-22). "Getting Wikipedia to the people who need it most" (engelsk). Knight Foundation. Hentet 2013-04-08.
  3. ^ Sofge, Erik (2013-03-08). "SXSW: Wikipedia for Non-Smartphones Is Brilliant. Here's Why". Popular Mechanics (engelsk). Hentet 2013-04-08.
  4. ^ Riese, Monica (2013-03-12). "SXSW Interactive Awards Announced". The Austin Chronicle (engelsk). Austin, Texas: Austin Chronicle Corp. ISSN 1074-0740. Hentet 2013-04-08.
  5. ^ Dillon, Conon (2013-12-18). "Wikipedia Zero: free data if you can afford it" (engelsk). Hentet 2014-01-15.
  6. ^ "Wikipedia Zero launches in Malaysia med Digi — Wikimedia blog" (engelsk). Blog.wikimedia.org. 2012-05-26. Hentet 2013-06-27.
  7. ^ "Mobilink brings Wikipedia Zero to Pakistan". nation.com.pk. Hentet 2013-06-27.
  8. ^ "Wikipedia FREE". Dialog. Hentet 2015-07-30.
  9. ^ "Tech Talk | Wikipedia Zero | A righteous initiative for accessing free knowledge". Archive.thedailystar.net. 2013-12-02. Hentet 2014-06-24.
  10. ^ "Banglalink launches Wikipedia Zero :: Financial Express :: Financial Newspaper of Bangladesh" (engelsk). Thefinancialexpress-bd.com. Hentet 2014-06-24.
  11. ^ "Kosovo's Largest Foreign Investment Sets Tone for Innovation". www.the-american-times.com. Hazlehurst Media SA. Hentet 22 Juli 2014. {{cite web}}: Tjek datoværdier i: |accessdate= (hjælp)
  12. ^ "Wikipedia Zero arrives in Nepal via Ncell and you don't have to pay a Paisa to use it". Hentet 2014-05-19.
  13. ^ "Beeline открыл бесплатный доступ к Wikipedia для своих абонентов" (russisk).
  14. ^ http://techcabal.com/2014/05/29/wikimedia-foundation-partners-airtel-nigeria-offer-free-wikipedia-access-subscribers
  15. ^ "Абоненти "Київстар" можуть користуватися Wikipedia з нульовим балансом на рахунку" (russisk). Kyivstar. Hentet 2014-11-13.
  16. ^ "MTN Ghana empowers customers med free access to Wikipedia" (engelsk). myjoyonline.com. Hentet 2014-12-23.
  17. ^ "MTN Ghana empowers customers med free access to Wikipedia" (engelsk). myjoyonline.com. Ghana News Agency. 2014-12-22. Hentet 2014-12-24.
  18. ^ "TelenorMyanmar - Free Wikipedia". telenor.com.mm (engelsk).
  19. ^ Mirani, Leo (2014-05-30). "Less than zero – When net neutrality backfires: Chile just killed free access to Wikipedia and Facebook". Quartz. Hentet 2014-07-02.
  20. ^ McKenzie, Jessica (2014-06-02). "Face Off in Chile: Net Neutrality v. Human Right to Facebook & Wikipedia" (engelsk). Hentet 2014-07-02.
  21. ^ "Net Neutrality and the Global Digital Divide". Electronic Frontier Foundation.
  22. ^ "Wikipedia Zero and net neutrality: Wikimedia turns its back on the open internet". accessnow.org (engelsk). 2014-08-08.
  23. ^ "Wikipedia's 'complicated' relationship with net neutrality". Washington Post (engelsk).
  24. ^ Hilary Heuler. "Who really wins from Facebook's 'free internet' plan for Africa?". ZDNet (engelsk).
  25. ^ Leo Mirani (2015-02-09). "Millions of Facebook users have no idea they're using the internet" (engelsk).

Eksterne henvisninger