Bruger:Brol/sandkasse

Sport

En rugby league kamp på Canberra Stadium

Canberra har flere sportshold, som deltager i nationale og internationale konkurrencer. De mest kendte hold er Canberra Raiders og Brumbies, som spiller henholdsvis rugby league og rugby union. Begge har været mestre i deres ligaer. Bege hold spiller deres hjemmekampe på Canberra Stadium, som er byens største stadion. Det blev brugt til gruppekampe i fodbold ved de olympiske lege år 2000 og til rugby union ved VM i 2003. The city also has a successful basketball team, the Canberra Capitals, which has won seven out of the last eleven national women's basketball titles. Canberra United FC represents the city in the W-League, the national women's association football league, and were champions in the 2011–12 season. The Canberra Vikings represent the city in the National Rugby Championship and finished second in the 2015 season.

There are also teams that participate in national competitions in netball, field hockey, ice hockey, cricket and baseball. Manuka Oval is another large outdoor sporting facility where cricket and Australian Rules football are played.

Expansion AFL club Greater Western Sydney Giants commenced a partnership with Canberra in 2012 under which it will play three home games at Manuka Oval each season until at least 2021. Prior to this the Melbourne-based AFL team the Kangaroos played some home games at Manuka Oval until July 2006. Following the move of the Kangaroos' alternative home ground to Carrara in Queensland, Melbourne and the Western Bulldogs played some home games at Manuka Oval from 2007 against the Sydney Swans. Canberra is also home to the Barassi International Australian Football Youth Tournament. The historic Prime Minister's XI cricket match is played at Manuka Oval annually. Other significant annual sporting events include the Canberra Marathon and the City of Canberra Half Ironman Triathlon.

The Australian Institute of Sport (AIS) is located in the Canberra suburb of Bruce. The AIS is a specialised educational and training institution providing coaching for elite junior and senior athletes in a number of sports. The AIS has been operating since 1981 and has achieved significant success in producing elite athletes, both local and international. The majority of Australia's team members and medallists at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney were AIS graduates.

Canberra has numerous sporting ovals, golf courses, skate parks, and swimming pools that are open to the public. Tennis courts include those at the National Sports Club, Lyneham, former home of the Canberra Women's Tennis Classic. A Canberra-wide series of bicycle paths are available to cyclists for recreational and sporting purposes. Canberra Nature Parks have a large range of walking paths, horse and mountain bike trails. Water sports like sailing, rowing, dragon boating and water skiing are held on Canberra's lakes. The Rally of Canberra is an annual motor sport event and a facility for drag racing is being planned for construction. From 2000 to 2002, Canberra hosted the Canberra 400 event for V8 Supercars on the temporary Canberra Street Circuit, which was located inside the Parliamentary Triangle.

Infrastruktur

Sundhed

Canberra Hospital.

Canberra har to store offentlige sygehuse. Canberra Hospital — tidligere Woden Valley Hospital — i Garran med ca. 600 senge og Calvary Public Hospital i Bruce med 174 senge. Begge er universitetshospitaler. Det største privathospital er Calvary John James Hospital i Deakin. Calvary Private Hospital i Bruce og Healthscope's National Capital Private Hospital i Garran er også betydelige hospitaler.

Royal Canberra Hospital lå på halvøen Acton Peninsula i Lake Burley Griffin. Det blev lukket i 1991 og revet ned i 1997 i for at give plads til National Museum of Australia. Beslutningen om nedrivningen var kontroversiel og selve nedrivningen gik galt og dræbte én og sårede 9 personer.

Canberras hospitaler modtager akuttilfælde fra hele det sydlige New South Wales. ACT Ambulance Service står for ambulancekørslen og er en af fire operatører under ACT Emergency Services Authority. NETS er en speciel ambulanceservice for syge nyfødte til transport mellem hospitaler i ACT og det omkringliggende New South Wales.

Transport

Tuggeranong Parkway er en større hovedvej, som forbinder Canberras centrum med Tuggeranong.

Canberra International Airport terminal

Canberra Railway Station

ACTION Ansair bodied Renault PR100.2

A Canberra Ford Falcon Taxicab

Bilen er det dominerende transportmiddel i Canberra. Byen er bygget så hovedvejene, der forbinder de forskellige distrikter ofte går gennem områder med åbent land eller skov, hvilket giver en meget lav befolkningstæthed. Det betyder også, at der er plads til udvikling af nye transportkorridorer uden at skulle bygge tunneller eller ekspropriere bebyggede områder. I sammenligning med Canberra har delstatshovedstæderne langt færre grønne områder.

Canberras distrikter er typisk forbundet af parkways—4-sporede hovedveje med en hastighedsgrænse på 100 km/t. Et eksempel er Tuggeranong Parkway, som forbinder Canberras centrum og Tuggeranong og år forbi Weston Creek. I de fleste distrikter er forstæderne forbundet med hovedveje med få lokale tilkørselsveje for at undå at ikke-lokale skyder genvej gennem boligområder.

I et forsøg på at forbedre trafiksikkerheden blev overvågningskameraer indført i Canberra af Carnells regering i 1999. Kameraerne giver en årlig indtægt omkring 11 millioner AUD i bøder.

Den statsejede busoperatør ACTION står for offentlig transport i Canberra. Det private selskab Qcity Transit driver busforbindelser mellem Canberra og de nærtliggende dele af New South Wales under navnene Transborder Express (Murrumbateman og Yass) og Qcity Transit (Queanbeyan).

Der er to lokale taxi-firmaer: Aerial Capital Group, som havde monopol indtil 2007, og Cabxpress. I oktober 2015 vedtog ACT en ny lov, der regulerede delebilskørsel, og gav f.eks. Uber ret til at operere legalt i ACT. The ACT Government was the first jurisdiction in Australia to enact legislation to regulate the service.

Der er en jernbaneforbindelse mellem Canberra og Sydney. Den betjenes af det offentlige selskab NSW TrainLink. Canberras station ligger i den indre forstad Kingston. Fra 1920 til 1922 krydsede jernbanen Molonglo River og gik helt ind i centrum. Denne sidste del blev lukket efter en større oversvømmelse og aldrig genbygget. Planer om en linje til Yass blev skrinlagt. En smalsporet bane (1.067 mm) blev bygget i 1923 fra teglværket Yarralumla brickworks til det midlertidige Parliament House. Den blev senere forlænget til Civic, men hele linjen blev lukket i maj 1927. Der er ingen direkte jernbaneforbindelse til Melbourne. NSW TrainLink driver en busservice til Yass, som ligger ved jernbaneforbindelsen mellem Sydney og Melbourne, en times kørsel nord for Canberra.

Den oprindelige plan for Canberra omfattede jernbane inden for bygrænsen, men den blev aldrig blevet bygget. Til gengæld er der åbnet en ny letbane 20. april 2019 mellem centrum og det nordlige distrikt Gungahlin. En jernbaneforbindelse til Jervis Bay var også planlagt, men blev heller aldrig bygget. Planer om at bygge en højhastighedsbane mellem Melbourne, Canberra og Sydney er endnu ikke blevet realiseret, da de forskellige forslag alle er blevet anset for økonomisk urentable. Det sidste forslag, High Speed Rail Study, blev offentliggjort af Department of Infrastructure and Transport 11. april 2013.

Canberra ligger omkring tre timers kørsel fra Sydney ad Federal Highway (National Highway 23), som løber ud i Hume Highway (National Highway 31) nær Goulburn, og syv timer fra Melbourne ad Barton Highway (National Highway 25), som løber ud i Hume Highway ved Yass. Der er to timers kørsel ad Monaro Highway (National Highway 23) til skiområderne i Snowy Mountains og Kosciuszko National Park. Batemans Bay, et populært feriested på New South Wales' kyst, ligger også to timer væk via Kings Highway.

Lufthavnen Canberra Airport har indenrigsflyvninger til Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Adelaide, Gold Coast og Perth. Der er også flyvninger til mindre byer som Dubbo og Newcastle i New South Wales. Der er internationale flyforbindelser til Singapore og Wellington. Canberra Airport is, as of September 2013, designated by the Australian Government Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development as a restricted use designated international airport. Den civile lufthavn delte startbaner med luftvåbnets RAAF Base Fairbairn, indtil denne lukkede i juni 2003.

Canberra has one of the highest rates of active travel of all Australian major cities, with 7.1 per cent of commuters walking or cycling to work in 2011. An ACT Government survey conducted in late 2010 found that Canberrans walk an average of 26 minutes each day. According to The Canberra Times in March 2014, Canberra's cyclists are involved in an average of four reported collisions every week. The newspaper also reported that Canberra is home to 87,000 cyclists, translating to the highest cycling participation rate in Australia; and, with higher popularity, bike injury rates in 2012 were twice the national average. At the 2016 census, 7.1% of the journeys to work involved public transport, while 4.5% walked to work.

Utilities

The Mount Majura Solar Farm has a rated output of 2.3 megawatts and was opened on 6 October 2016.

The government-owned ACTEW Corporation manages Canberra's water and sewerage infrastructure. ActewAGL is a joint venture between ACTEW and AGL, and is the retail provider of Canberra's utility services including water, natural gas, electricity, and also some telecommunications services via a subsidiary TransACT.

Canberra's water is stored in four reservoirs, the Corin, Bendora and Cotter dams on the Cotter River and the Googong Dam on the Queanbeyan River. Although the Googong Dam is located in New South Wales, it is managed by the ACT government. ACTEW Corporation owns Canberra's two wastewater treatment plants, located at Fyshwick and on the lower reaches of the Molonglo River.

Electricity for Canberra mainly comes from the national power grid through substations at Holt and Fyshwick (via Queanbeyan). Power was first supplied from a thermal plant built in 1913, near the Molonglo River, but this was finally closed in 1957. The ACT has four solar farms, which were opened between 2014 and 2017: Royalla (rated output of 20 megawatts, 2014), Mount Majura (2.3 MW, 2016), Mugga Lane (13 MW, 2017) and Williamsdale (11 MW, 2017). In addition numerous houses in Canberra have photovoltaic panels and/or solar hot water systems. In 2015/16, rooftop solar systems supported by the ACT government's feed-in tariff had a capacity of 26.3 megawatts, producing 34,910 MWh. In the same year, retailer-supported schemes had a capacity of 25.2 megawatts and exported 28,815 MWh to the grid (power consumed locally was not recorded).

There are no wind-power generators in Canberra, but several have been built or are being built or planned in nearby New South Wales, such as the 140.7 megawatt Capital Wind Farm. The ACT government announced in 2013 that it was raising the target for electricity consumed in the ACT to be supplied from renewable sources to 90% by 2020, raising the target from 210 to 550 megawatts. It announced in February 2015 that three wind farms in Victoria and South Australia would supply 200 megawatts of capacity; these are expected to be operational by 2017. Contracts for the purchase of an additional 200 megawatts of power per year from two wind farms in South Australia and New South Wales were announced in December 2015 and March 2016. The ACT government announced in 2014 that up to 23 megawatts of feed-in-tariff entitlements would be made available for the establishment of a facility in the ACT or surrounding region for burning household and business waste to produce electricity by 2020.

The ACT has the highest rate with internet access at home (94 per cent of households in 2014–15).

International relations

Se også: List of twin towns and sister cities in Oceania.

Twin towns – sister cities

Canberra is twinned with:

• Beijing, China
• Nara, Japan
• Wellington, New Zealand

Friendship city relationships

• The Canberra Dili Friendship Agreement was signed in 2004, aiming to build friendship and mutual respect and promote educational, cultural, economic, humanitarian and sporting links between Canberra and Dili.
• The ACT Government signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with the Hangzhou Municipal People's Government on 29 October 1998; the Agreement was designed to promote business opportunities and cultural exchanges between the two cities.

See also

Portal:Australia

• 1971 Canberra flood
• 2003 Canberra bushfires
• Lists of capitals
• List of planned cities
• List of tallest buildings in Canberra

References

• Australian Bureau of Statistics (25 januar 1963). "The Australian Capital Territory, Canberra the National Capital: Fifty Years of Development". Year Book Australia. Australian Bureau of Statistics. Arkiveret fra originalen 4 juni 2011. {{cite journal}}: Ugyldig |deadurl=yes (hjælp); Ugyldig |ref=harv (hjælp); Ukendt parameter |deadurl= ignoreret (|url-status= foreslået) (hjælp)CS1-vedligeholdelse: Dato automatisk oversat (link)
• Lake Burley Griffin, Canberra: Policy Plan. Canberra: National Capital Development Commission. 1988. ISBN 0-642-13957-1.
• The Penguin Australia Road Atlas. Ringwood, Victoria: Penguin Books Australia. 2000. ISBN 0-670-88980-6.
• UBD Canberra. North Ryde, New South Wales: Universal Publishers. 2007. ISBN 0-7319-1882-7.
• Fitzgerald, Alan (1987). Canberra in Two Centuries: A Pictorial History. Torrens, Australian Capital Territory: Clareville Press. ISBN 0-909278-02-4. {{cite book}}: Ugyldig |ref=harv (hjælp)
• Gibbney, Jim (1988). Canberra 1913–1953. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service. ISBN 0-644-08060-4. {{cite book}}: Ugyldig |ref=harv (hjælp)
• Gillespie, Lyall (1991). Canberra 1820–1913. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service. ISBN 0-644-08060-4. {{cite book}}: Ugyldig |ref=harv (hjælp)
• Growden, Greg (2008). Jack Fingleton: The Man Who Stood Up To Bradman. Crows Nest, New South Wales: Allen & Unwin. ISBN 978-1-74175-548-0. {{cite book}}: Ugyldig |ref=harv (hjælp)
• Sparke, Eric (1988). Canberra 1954–1980. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service. ISBN 0-644-08060-4. {{cite book}}: Ugyldig |ref=harv (hjælp)
• Vaisutis, Justine (2009). Australia. Footscray, Victoria: Lonely Planet. ISBN 1-74179-160-X. {{cite book}}: Ugyldig |ref=harv (hjælp)
• Wigmore, Lionel (1971). Canberra: History of Australia's National Capital. Canberra: Dalton Publishing Company. ISBN 0-909906-06-8. {{cite book}}: Ugyldig |ref=harv (hjælp)
• Williams, Dudley (2006). The Biology of Temporary Waters. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-852811-6. {{cite book}}: Ugyldig |ref=harv (hjælp)
• Leigh, Andrew (3 oktober 2010). Canberra is the Best City in Australia (Tale). Festival of Dangerous Ideas. Sydney Opera House. Arkiveret fra originalen 13 september 2013. Hentet 13 september 2013.{{cite speech}}: CS1-vedligeholdelse: Dato automatisk oversat (link)