Jordskælvet i San Francisco 1906
Jordskælvet i San Francisco 1906
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 Mange brande brød ud efter jordskælvet. Her i Mission Street | |
| Dato | 18 april 1906 |
|---|---|
| Tid | 05:12 lokal tid |
| Varighed | 80 sekunder |
| Dybde | 8 km |
| Epicenter | 3 km V for San Francisco 37°45′0″N 122°33′0″V / 37.75000°N 122.55000°V |
| Lande og områder berørt |  USASan Francisco Bugt området |
| Maks. intensitet | 7,8 Mw |
| Døde | 3.000 + |
Jordskælvet i San Francisco 1906 var et større jordskælv som ramte San Francisco, Californien og kysten af det nordlige Californien klokken 5:12 onsdag den 18. april 1906.[1] Det mest alment accepterede estimat for størrelsen af jordskælvet er 7,8 Mw, men andre tal er foreslået, fra 7,7 og helt op til 8,25.[2]
Epicenteret for hovedskælvet lå omkring 3 kilometer uden for kysten. Det bevægede sig langs San Andreas-forkastningen, både mod nord og mod syd i en samlet længde af 477 km.[3] Rystelserne kunne mærkes fra Oregon til Los Angeles, og inde i landet så langt væk som til det centrale Nevada.
Jordskælvet og de følgende brande huskes som en af de værste naturkatastrofer i De Forenede Staters historie. Dødstallet for jordskælvet og de efterfølgende brande antages at være over 3.000[4] og repræsenterer det største tab af menneskeliv i Californiens historie.
Det økonomiske tab er blevet sammenlignet med den senere Katrina-orkankatastrofe.[5]
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Se også
[redigér | rediger kildetekst]- Loma Prieta-jordskælvet (1989)
Referencer
[redigér | rediger kildetekst]- ^ USGS – The Great 1906 San Francisco Earthquake
- ^ 1906 Earthquake: What was the magnitude? Arkiveret 26. september 2006 hos Wayback MachineUSGS Earthquake Hazards Program – Northern California, Accessed September 3, 2006
- ^ 1906 Earthquake: How long was the 1906 Crack? Arkiveret 6. oktober 2008 hos Wayback MachineUSGS Earthquake Hazards Program – Northern California, Accessed September 3, 2006
- ^ Timeline of the San Francisco Earthquake April 18 – 23, 1906 Arkiveret 3. marts 2016 hos Wayback Machine, The Virtual Museum of the City of San Francisco
- ^ John A. Kilpatrick and Sofia Dermisi, Aftermath of Katrina: Recommendations for Real Estate Research, Journal of Real Estate Literature, Spring, 2007
Henvisninger
[redigér | rediger kildetekst]- Double Cone Quarterly, Fall Equinox, volume VII, Number 3 (2004).
- Eastwood, Alice, The Coniferae of the Santa Lucia Mountains.
- Lawson, Andrew C., The California Earthquake of April 18, 1906. Report of the State Earthquake Investigation Commission, Carnegie Institution of Washington, available online at this USGS webpage.
- Morris, Charles. The San Francisco Calamity by Earthquake and fire. World Bible House, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1906.
- Reid, H. F., The Mechanics of the Earthquake, Vol. 2 in The California Earthquake of April 18, 1906. Report of the State Investigation Commission, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1910.
- Winchester, Simon, A Crack in the Edge of the World: America and the Great California Earthquake of 1906. HarperCollins Publishers, New York, 2005.
Eksterne henvisninger
[redigér | rediger kildetekst]- The 1906 Earthquake and Fire from the National Archives
- San Francisco's 1906 Quake: What If It Struck Today? nationalgeographic.com, April 13, 2006
- A geologic tour of the San Francisco earthquake, 100 years later from American Geological Institute
- San Francisco Earthquake Arkiveret 22. juli 2012 hos Wayback Machine Flash website with information for students.
- The Great 1906 Earthquake and Fire from the Museum of the City of San Francisco website
- Looking Back at the Public's Health Arkiveret 11. oktober 2007 hos Wayback Machine, from the San Francisco Department of Public Health's website
- The Great 1906 Earthquake and Fire Arkiveret 14. april 2008 hos Wayback Machine Browse images from the San Francisco Public Library's Historical Photograph Collection
- The San Francisco Chronicle's special report on the earthquake. Arkiveret 17. april 2008 hos Wayback Machine
- The Great 1906 Earthquake and Fire Arkiveret 27. august 2011 hos Wayback Machine from the Bancroft Library, includes interactive maps and panoramas.
- 1906 San Francisco Quake Arkiveret 3. februar 2006 hos Wayback Machine and Intensity Maps for that earthquake, from the U.S. Geological Survey site
- Several videos of the aftermath, from the Internet Archive website
- San Francisco in Ruins Arkiveret 7. februar 2006 hos Wayback Machine, Aerial Photographs of George R. Lawrence, reprinted from Landscape, Vol. 30, No. 2
- The San Francisco Horror, a book published weeks after the event
- JB Monaco Photography, Images of the 1906 SF Earthquake from the well-known North Beach photographer
- Edith Irvine Collection: Photographs of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake
- Collection of 1906 Earthquake photography Arkiveret 14. oktober 2007 hos Wayback Machine
- USGS 1906 Ground Motion Simulations
- Simulation of Mercalli Scale ground motion presented as a 75 second animation (Low-Res Quicktime)
- Simulation of Mercalli Scale ground motion presented as a 75 second animation (High-Res Quicktime)
- The San Francisco earthquake in Leslie's Weekly
- Report on the destruction of the Mark Hopkins institute of art in the earthquake Arkiveret 30. august 2006 hos Wayback Machine
- Herbert Hamrol, 104, one of the last survivors of 1906 earthquake
- What happened to the Chinese and Chinatown in the 1906 earthquake, by Ralph Henn Arkiveret 22. januar 2009 hos Wayback Machine
- Bancroft Library, Collection of Photographs and Newspaper Documents showing the destruction of Santa Rosa in the earthquake.
- SMU's Sulphur Springs Collection of Pre-Nickelodeon Films contains nine Pre-Nickelodeon movies, including seven Edison films depicting the aftermath of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake.
