Ripple

Indenfor elektronik er ripple (ripple er engelsk og betyder bølgekrusning) - specifikt rippelspænding - den uønskede resterende (typisk periodiske) pulseren, fluktuation eller variation af DC-spændingen af en strømforsynings output-spænding, når strømforsyningens input er en vekselspændingskilde (AC).^[1]^[2] Denne pulseren skyldes ufuldstændig undertrykkelse af den vekslende bølgeform efter ensretning.^[1] Ripple-spændingen stammer fra output fra ensretning af vekselspænding^[1] - eller ensretning af kommuteret jævnstrøm.

Ripple (specifikt rippelstrøm eller pulsstrøm) kan også referere til det pulserede strømforbrug af ikke-lineære enheder som kondensator-input ensrettere.

Ripple kan reduceres med et lavpasfilter og elimineres af en lineær spændingsregulator.

Uønskede ripple-virkninger

Ripple er spildt energi og har mange uønskede virkninger i et jævnstrømskredsløb: Det opvarmer komponenter, forårsager støj og forvrængning og kan få digitale kredsløb til at fungere forkert.^[3]

Filter-ripple

Ud over disse tidsvarierende fænomener er der et frekvensdomæne-rippel også kaldet filter-ripple eller filterrippel, der opstår i nogle klasser af analoge filternetværk og digitale signalbehandlingsfilternetværk. I disse tilfælde er filter-ripple den flukterende variation i indsættelsestabet af filteret som funktion af frekvensen.^[4] Variationen er muligvis ikke strengt lineært periodisk. Også i denne betydning er pulseren normalt at betragte som en tilfældig effekt, idet dens eksistens er et kompromis mellem mængden af pulseren og andre designparametre.

Referencer

^ ^a ^b ^c yourdictionary.com: ripple voltage, backup Citat: "...a small, regular variation in a direct current voltage that remains after rectification and filtering of an alternating current voltage..."
^ sciencedirect.com: ripple voltage, backup Citat: "...The output voltage Vout can be considered to be made up of two components: VDC which is pure DC and Vripple which is the superimposed AC ripple voltage..."
^ teslamanhv.com: Introduction to Ripple Voltage in High-voltage Power Supplies and Its Importance, backup Citat: "...The presence of ripple voltage can lead to the following problems: - Increased power consumption: Due to the presence of ripple voltage, the current waveform in the circuit no longer fully conforms to the shape of a sinusoidal wave, thereby increasing power loss; - Impact on accuracy: For high-precision applications, such as laboratory instruments, ripple voltage may cause inaccurate measurement results; - System instability: Excessive ripple voltage can cause system oscillation or even collapse...."
^ J. Mech. Elect. Intel. Syst., Vol.3, No.2, 2020, jmeis.e-jikei.org: Mathematical Model and Analysis of 4-Stage Passive RC Polyphase Filter for Low-IF Receiver, backup Citat: "...The gain ripple of the pass-band is measured from the local maximum value to the local minimum value...The gain ripple of the rejection-band is measured from the local maximum value to the local minimum value..."

[yourdictionary-1] yourdictionary.com: ripple voltage, backup Citat: "...a small, regular variation in a direct current voltage that remains after rectification and filtering of an alternating current voltage..."

[2] sciencedirect.com: ripple voltage, backup Citat: "...The output voltage Vout can be considered to be made up of two components: VDC which is pure DC and Vripple which is the superimposed AC ripple voltage..."

[3] teslamanhv.com: Introduction to Ripple Voltage in High-voltage Power Supplies and Its Importance, backup Citat: "...The presence of ripple voltage can lead to the following problems: - Increased power consumption: Due to the presence of ripple voltage, the current waveform in the circuit no longer fully conforms to the shape of a sinusoidal wave, thereby increasing power loss; - Impact on accuracy: For high-precision applications, such as laboratory instruments, ripple voltage may cause inaccurate measurement results; - System instability: Excessive ripple voltage can cause system oscillation or even collapse...."

[4] J. Mech. Elect. Intel. Syst., Vol.3, No.2, 2020, jmeis.e-jikei.org: Mathematical Model and Analysis of 4-Stage Passive RC Polyphase Filter for Low-IF Receiver, backup Citat: "...The gain ripple of the pass-band is measured from the local maximum value to the local minimum value...The gain ripple of the rejection-band is measured from the local maximum value to the local minimum value..."

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