Palæstinensiske eksodus 1948 - Wikipedia, den frie encyklopædi

Ruinerne af den palæstinensiske landsby Suba nær Jerusalem, med udsigt over Kibbutz Zova, som er bygget på landsbyens jord

Den palæstinensiske eksodus 1948 (arabisk: الهجرة الفلسطينية al-Hijra al-Filasteeniya) også kendt som Nakba, refererer til den flugt som palæstinensere foretog under den arabisk-israelske krig 1948.^[1]

FN's endelige vurdering af antallet af palæstinensiske flygtninge uden for Israel efter 1948-krigen var 711.000 i 1951.^[2] Omkring en fjerdedel af de cirka 160.000 arabiske palæstinensere, som blev tilbage i Israel, var interne flygtninge. I dag regner man med, at de palæstinensiske flygtninge og deres efterkommere tæller mere end 4 millioner.

Denne første eksodus og den nuværende situation for de palæstinensiske flygtninge er et betændt område af største vigtighed for alle parter i den arabisk-israelske konflikt.

Baggrund[redigér | rediger kildetekst]

Ruinerne af den tidligere arabisk landsby Bayt Jibrin, vest for den Grønne Linje, vest for Hebron.

Historien om den palæstinensiske eksodus er tæt knyttet til krigen om Palæstina, som varede fra 1947 til 1949. Mange faktorer spillede en rolle for at det skete.

Se også[redigér | rediger kildetekst]

v d r Landsbyer affolket under den arabisk-israelske krig 1948
Akko-distriktet:	al-Amqa Arab al-Samniyya al-Bassa al-Birwa al-Damun Dayr al-Qassi al-Ghabisiyya Iqrit Iribbin, Khirbat Jiddin, Khirbat al-Kabri Kafr Bir'im Kafr 'Inan Kuwaykat al-Manshiyya al-Mansura Mi'ar al-Nabi Rubin al-Nahr al-Ruways Suhmata al-Sumayriyya Suruh al-Tall Tarbikha Umm al-Faraj al-Zeeb
Baysan-distriktet:	Arab al-'Arida Arab al-Bawati Arab al-Safa al-Ashrafiyya al-Bira Danna Farwana al-Fatur al-Ghazzawiyya al-Hamidiyya al-Hamra Jabbul Kafra Kawkab al-Hawa al-Khunayzir Masil al-Jizl al-Murassas Qumya al-Sakhina al-Samiriyya Sirin Tall al-Shawk al-Taqa, Khirbat al-Tira Umm 'Ajra Umm Sabuna, Khirbat Yubla Zab'a al-Zawiya, Khirbat
Beersheba-distriktet:	al-Imara al-Jammama al-Khalasa
Gaza-distriktet:	Arab Suqrir Barbara Barqa al-Batani al-Gharbi al-Batani al-Sharqi Beit Daras Bayt 'Affa Bayt Jirja Bayt Tima Bil'in Burayr Dayr Sunayd Dimra al-Faluja Hamama Hatta Hiribya Huj Hulayqat Ibdis Iraq al-Manshiyya Iraq Suwaydan Isdud al-Jaladiyya al-Jiyya Julis al-Jura Jusayr Karatiyya Kawfakha Kawkaba al-Khisas al-Masmiyya al-Kabira al-Masmiyya al-Saghira al-Muharraqa Najd Ni'ilya Qastina al-Sawafir al-Gharbiyya al-Sawafir al-Shamaliyya al-Sawafir al-Sharqiyya Simsim Summil Tall al-Turmus Yasur
Haifa-distriktet:	Abu Shusha Abu Zurayq Arab al-Fuqara Arab al-Nufay'at Arab Zahrat al-Dumayri Atlit Ayn Ghazal Ayn Hawd Balad al-Shaykh Barrat Qisarya Burayka al-Burj, Khirbat al-Butaymat Daliyat al-Rawha' al-Dumun, Khirbat al-Ghubayya al-Fawqa al-Ghubayya al-Tahta Hawsha Ijzim Jaba' al-Jalama Kabara al-Kafrayn Kafr Lam al-Kasayir, Khirbat Khubbayza Lid, Khirbat al-Manara, Khirbat al-Mansi al-Mansura, Khirbat al-Mazar al-Naghnaghiyya Qannir Qira Qisarya Qumbaza al-Rihaniyya Sabbarin al-Sarafand al-Sarkas, Khirbat Sa'sa', Khirbat al-Sawamir al-Shuna, Khirbat al-Sindiyana al-Tantura al-Tira Umm al-Shawf Umm al-Zinat Wa'arat al-Sarris Wadi Ara (village) Yajur
Hebron-distriktet:	Ajjur Barqusya Bayt Jibrin Bayt Nattif al-Dawayima Dayr al-Dubban Dayr Nakhkhas Kudna Mughallis al-Qris Horkins al-Qubayba Ra'na Tall al-Safi Umm Burj, Khirbat az-Zakariyya Zayta
Jaffa-distriktet:	al-'Abbasiyya Abu Kishk Bayt Dajan Biyar 'Adas Fajja al-Haram Ijlil al-Qibliyya Ijlil al-Shamaliyya al-Jammasin al-Gharbi al-Jammasin al-Sharqi Jarisha Kafr 'Ana al-Khayriyya al-Mas'udiyya al-Mirr al-Muwaylih Rantiya al-Safiriyya Salama Saqiya al-Sawalima al-Shaykh Muwannis Yazur
Jerusalem-distriktet:	Allar Aqqur Artuf Bayt 'Itab Bayt Mahsir Bayt Naqquba Bayt Thul Bayt Umm al-Mays al-Burayj Colonia Dayr Aban Dayr 'Amr Dayr al-Hawa Dayr Rafat Dayr al-Shaykh Deir Yassin Ein Karim Ishwa' Islin Ism Allah, Khirbat Jarash al-Jura Kasla al-Lawz, Khirbat Lifta al-Maliha Nitaf al-Qabu al-Qastal Ras Abu 'Ammar Sar'a Saris Sataf Sheikh Badr Suba Sufla al-Tannur, Khirbat al-'Umur, Khirbat al-Walaja
Jenin-distriktet:	Ayn al-Mansi al-Jawfa, Khirbat al-Lajjun al-Mazar Nuris Zir'in
Nazareth-distriktet:	Indur Ma'lul al-Mujaydil Saffuriyya al-Subeih
Ramla-distriktet:	Abu al-Fadl Abu Shusha Ajanjul Aqir Barfiliya al-Barriyya Bashshit Bayt Far, Khirbat Bayt Jiz Bayt Nabala Bayt Shanna Bayt Susin Bir Ma'in Bir Salim al-Burj al-Buwayra, Khirbat Daniyal Dayr Abu Salama Dayr Ayyub Dayr Muhaysin Dayr Tarif al-Duhayriyya, Khirbat al-Haditha Idnibba Innaba Jilya Jimzu Kharruba al-Khayma Khulda al-Kunayyisa al-Latrun al-Maghar Majdal Yaba al-Mansura, Ramla al-Mukhayzin al-Muzayri'a al-Na'ani an-Nabi Rubin Qatra Qazaza al-Qubab al-Qubayba Qula Sajad Salbit Sarafand al-'Amar Sarafand al-Kharab Saydun Shahma Shilta al-Tina al-Tira Umm Kalkha Wadi Hunayn Yibna Zakariyya, Khirbat Zarnuqa
Safad-distriktet:	Abil al-Qamh al-'Abisiyya Alma Ammuqa Arab al-Shamalina Arab al-Zubayd Ayn al-Zaytun Baysamun Biriyya al-Butayha al-Buwayziyya Dallata al-Dawwara Dayshum al-Dirbashiyya al-Dirdara Fara al-Farradiyya Fir'im Ghabbatiyya Ghuraba al-Hamra' Harrawi Hunin al-Husayniyya Jahula al-Ja'una Jubb Yusuf Kafr Bir'im al-Khalisa Khan al-Duwayr Karraza, Khirbat al-Khisas Khiyam al-Walid Kirad al-Baqqara Kirad al-Ghannama Lazzaza Madahil al-Malikiyya Mallaha al-Manshiyya al-Mansura, Safad Mansurat al-Khayt Marus Mirun al-Muftakhira Mughr al-Khayt al-Muntar, Khirbat al-Nabi Yusha' al-Na'ima Qabba'a Qadas Qaddita Qaytiyya al-Qudayriyya al-Ras al-Ahmar Sabalan Safsaf Saliha al-Salihiyya al-Sammu'i al-Sanbariyya Sa'sa' al-Shawka al-Tahta al-Shuna Taytaba Tulayl al-'Ulmaniyya al-'Urayfiyya al-Wayziyya Yarda al-Zahiriyya al-Tahta al-Zanghariyya al-Zawiya al-Zuq al-Fawqani al-Zuq al-Tahtani
Tiberias-distriktet:	Awlam al-Dalhamiyya Ghuwayr Abu Shusha Hadatha al-Hamma Hittin Kafr Sabt Lubya Ma'dhar al-Majdal al-Manara al-Manshiyya al-Mansura, Tiberias Nasir al-Din Nimrin al-Nuqayb Samakh al-Samakiyya al-Samra al-Shajara al-Tabigha al-'Ubaydiyya al-Wa'ra al-Sawda', Khirbat Yaquq
Tulkarm-distriktet :	Bayt Lid, Khirbat Bayyarat Hannun Fardisya Ghabat Kafr Sur al-Jalama Kafr Saba al-Majdal, Khirbat al-Manshiyya Miska Qaqun Raml Zayta Tabsur Umm Khalid Wadi al-Hawarith Wadi Qabbani al-Zababida, Khirbat Zalafa, Khirbat

Noter[redigér | rediger kildetekst]

^ A History of the Modern Middle East by William L. Cleaveland, 2004, p. 270 The term "Nakba" emerged after an influential Arab commentary on the self-examination of the social and political bases of Arab life in the wake of the 1948 War by Constantine Zureiq. The term became quite popular and widespread that it made the term "disaster" synonymous with the Arab defeat in that war.
^ United Nations General Assembly (1951-08-23). "General Progress Report and Supplementary Report of the United Nations Conciliation Commission for Palestine". Arkiveret fra originalen (OpenDocument) 6. juni 2007. Hentet 2007-05-03.