APG IV-systemet
APG IV-systemet er en moderne taksonomi til klassificering af blomsterplanterne. Den blev offentliggjort den 6. april 2016 af Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) i tidsskriftet Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 7 år efter, at forgængeren, APG III-systemet, blev offentliggjort i samme blad.[1]
Mens man sidst bragte et forslag til en ledsagende, men særskilt og formel fylogenetisk klassifikation for alle landplanter, der var i overensstemmelse med APG III-klassifikationen, har man denne gang besluttet at indføje klassifikationen i selve APG IV-systembeskrivelsen.
Ændringer i forhold til APG III[redigér | rediger kildetekst]
I sammenligning med APG III-systemet anerkender APG IV-systemet fem nye ordener: Rublad-ordenen (’’Boraginales’’), ’’Dilleniales, ’’Icacinales’’, ’’Metteniusales’’ og ’’Vahliales’’. Desuden er der nogle nye familier, sådan systemet nu rummer 64 ordener og 416 familier indenfor de dækfrøede.
Oversigt over systemets ordener og familier[redigér | rediger kildetekst]
Tegnforklaring:
- * = Familien er ny eller dens indhold er ændret siden APG III-systemet fra 2009
- † = Ny anerkendt orden i APG IV-systemet
Basale dækfrøede[redigér | rediger kildetekst]
- Amborellales Melikyan et al.
- Amborellaceae Pichon, nom. cons.
- Nymphaeales Salisb. ex Bercht. & J.Presl
- Hydatellaceae U.Hamann
- Cabombaceae Rich. ex A.Rich., nom. cons.
- Nymphaeaceae Salisb., nom. cons.
- Austrobaileyales Takht. ex Reveal
- Austrobaileyaceae Croizat, nom. cons.
- Trimeniaceae Gibbs, nom. cons.
- Schisandraceae Blume, nom. cons.
Magnoliider[redigér | rediger kildetekst]
- Canellales Cronq.
- Canellaceae Mart., nom. cons.
- Winteraceae R.Br. ex Lindl., nom. cons.
- Piperales Bercht. & J.Presl
- Saururaceae Rich. ex T.Lestib., nom. cons.
- Piperaceae Giseke, nom. cons.
- Aristolochiaceae Juss., nom. cons. * (omfattende Asaraceae Vent., Hydnoraceae C.Agardh, nom. cons., Lactoridaceae Engl., nom. cons.)
- Magnoliales Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl
- Myristicaceae R.Br., nom. cons.
- Magnoliaceae Juss., nom. cons.
- Degeneriaceae I.W.Bailey & A.C.Sm., nom. cons.
- Himantandraceae Diels, nom. cons.
- Eupomatiaceae Orb., nom. cons.
- Annonaceae Juss., nom. cons.
- Laurales Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl
- Calycanthaceae Lindl., nom. cons.
- Siparunaceae Schodde
- Gomortegaceae Reiche, nom. cons.
- Atherospermataceae R.Br.
- Hernandiaceae Blume, nom. cons.
- Monimiaceae Juss., nom. cons.
- Lauraceae Juss., nom. cons.
Uafhængig linje: ikke placeret i forhold til nogen mere omfattende gruppering[redigér | rediger kildetekst]
- Chloranthales Mart.
- Chloranthaceae R.Br. ex Sims, nom. cons.
Enkimbladede[redigér | rediger kildetekst]
- Acorales Mart.
- Acoraceae Martinov
- Alismatales R.Br. ex Bercht. & J.Presl
- Araceae Juss., nom. cons.
- Tofieldiaceae Takht.
- Alismataceae Vent., nom. cons.
- Butomaceae Mirb., nom. cons.
- Hydrocharitaceae Juss., nom. cons.
- Scheuchzeriaceae F.Rudolphi, nom. cons.
- Aponogetonaceae Planch., nom. cons.
- Juncaginaceae Rich., nom. cons. *
- Maundiaceae Nakai *
- Zosteraceae Dumort., nom. cons.
- Potamogetonaceae Bercht. & J.Presl, nom. cons
- Posidoniaceae Vines, nom. cons.
- Ruppiaceae Horan., nom. cons.
- Cymodoceaceae Vines, nom. cons.
- Petrosaviales Takht.
- Petrosaviaceae Hutch., nom. cons.
- Dioscoreales Mart.
- Nartheciaceae Fr. ex Bjurzon
- Burmanniaceae Blume, nom. cons. (not monophyletic.)
- Dioscoreaceae R.Br., nom. cons.
- Pandanales R.Br. ex Bercht. & J.Presl
- Triuridaceae Gardner, nom. cons.
- Velloziaceae J.Agardh, nom. cons.
- Stemonaceae Caruel, nom. cons.
- Cyclanthaceae Poit. ex A.Rich., nom. cons.
- Pandanaceae R.Br., nom. cons.
- Liliales Perleb
- Campynemataceae Dumort.
- Corsiaceae Becc., nom. cons.
- Melanthiaceae Batsch ex Borkh., nom. cons.
- Petermanniaceae Hutch, nom. cons.
- Alstroemeriaceae Dumort., nom. cons.
- Colchicaceae DC., nom. cons.
- Philesiaceae Dumort., nom. cons.
- Ripogonaceae Conran & Clifford
- Smilacaceae Vent., nom. cons.
- Liliaceae Juss., nom. cons.
- Asparagales Link
- Orchidaceae Juss., nom. cons.
- Boryaceae M.W.Chase et al.
- Blandfordiaceae R.Dahlgren & Clifford
- Asteliaceae Dumort.
- Lanariaceae H.Huber ex R.Dahlgren
- Hypoxidaceae R.Br., nom. cons.
- Doryanthaceae R.Dahlgren & Clifford
- Ixioliriaceae Nakai (as 'Ixiolirionaceae'; spelling corrected)
- Tecophilaeaceae Leyb., nom. cons.
- Iridaceae Juss., nom. cons.
- Xeronemataceae M.W.Chase et al.
- Asphodelaceae Juss., nom. cons. prop. (omfattende Xanthorrhoeaceae Dumort., nom. cons.)
- Amaryllidaceae J.St.-Hil., nom. cons.
- Asparagaceae Juss., nom. cons.
- Arecales Bromhead
- Dasypogonaceae Dumort.
- Arecaceae Bercht. & J.Presl, nom. cons. (=Palmae Juss., nom. cons.)
- Commelinales Mirb. ex Bercht. & J.Presl
- Hanguanaceae Airy Shaw
- Commelinaceae Mirb., nom. cons.
- Philydraceae Link, nom. cons.
- Pontederiaceae Kunth, nom. cons.
- Haemodoraceae R.Br., nom. cons.
- Zingiberales Griseb.
- Strelitziaceae Hutch., nom. cons.
- Lowiaceae Ridl., nom. cons.
- Heliconiaceae Vines
- Musaceae Juss., nom. cons.
- Cannaceae Juss., nom. cons.
- Marantaceae R.Br., nom. cons.
- Costaceae Nakai
- Zingiberaceae Martinov, nom. cons.
- Poales Small
- Typhaceae Juss., nom. cons.
- Bromeliaceae Juss., nom. cons.
- Rapateaceae Dumort., nom. cons.
- Xyridaceae C.Agardh, nom. cons.
- Eriocaulaceae Martinov, nom. cons.
- Mayacaceae Kunth, nom. cons.
- Thurniaceae Engl., nom. cons.
- Juncaceae Juss., nom. cons.
- Cyperaceae Juss., nom. cons.
- Restionaceae R.Br., nom. cons. * (omfattende Anarthriaceae D.W.Cutler & Airy Shaw, Centrolepidaceae Endl., nom. cons.)
- Flagellariaceae Dumort., nom. cons.
- Joinvilleaceae Toml. & A.C.Sm.
- Ecdeiocoleaceae D.W.Cutler & Airy Shaw
- Poaceae Barnhart, nom. cons. (= Gramineae Juss., nom. cons.)
Sandsynligvis en søsterlinje til de ægte Tokimbladede[redigér | rediger kildetekst]
- Ceratophyllales Link
- Ceratophyllaceae Gray, nom. cons.
Ægte Tokimbladede[redigér | rediger kildetekst]
- Ranunculales Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl
- Eupteleaceae K.Wilh., nom. cons.
- Papaveraceae Juss., nom. cons.
- Circaeasteraceae Hutch., nom. cons.
- Lardizabalaceae R.Br., nom. cons.
- Menispermaceae Juss., nom. cons.
- Berberidaceae Juss., nom. cons.
- Ranunculaceae Juss., nom. cons.
- Proteales Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl
- Sabiaceae Blume, nom. cons.
- Nelumbonaceae A.Rich., nom. cons.
- Platanaceae T.Lestib., nom. cons.
- Proteaceae Juss., nom. cons.
- Trochodendrales Takht. ex Cronq.
- Trochodendraceae Eichler, nom. cons.
- Buxales Takht. ex Reveal
- Buxaceae Dumort., nom. cons. * (omfattende Haptanthaceae C.Nelson)
Ægte tokimbladede, kerne[redigér | rediger kildetekst]
- Gunnerales Takht. ex Reveal
- Myrothamnaceae Nied., nom. cons.
- Gunneraceae Meisn., nom. cons.
- Dilleniales DC. ex Bercht. & J.Presl †
- Dilleniaceae Salisb., nom. cons.
Overordnede rosider[redigér | rediger kildetekst]
- Saxifragales Bercht. & J.Presl
- Peridiscaceae Kuhlm., nom. cons.
- Paeoniaceae Raf., nom. cons.
- Altingiaceae Lindl., nom. cons.
- Hamamelidaceae R.Br., nom. cons.
- Cercidiphyllaceae Engl., nom. cons.
- Daphniphyllaceae Müll.Arg., nom. cons.
- Iteaceae J.Agardh, nom. cons.
- Grossulariaceae DC., nom. cons.
- Saxifragaceae Juss., nom. cons.
- Crassulaceae J.St.-Hil., nom. cons.
- Aphanopetalaceae Doweld
- Tetracarpaeaceae Nakai
- Penthoraceae Rydb. ex Britton, nom. cons.
- Haloragaceae R.Br., nom. cons.
- Cynomoriaceae Endl. ex Lindl., nom. cons.
Rosider[redigér | rediger kildetekst]
- Vitales Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl
- Vitaceae Juss., nom. cons.
- Zygophyllales Link
- Krameriaceae Dumort., nom. cons.
- Zygophyllaceae R.Br., nom. cons.
- Fabales Bromhead
- Quillajaceae D.Don
- Fabaceae Lindl., nom. cons. (= Leguminosae Juss., nom. cons.)
- Surianaceae Arn., nom. cons.
- Polygalaceae Hoffmanns. & Link, nom. cons.
- Rosales Bercht. & J.Presl
- Rosaceae Juss., nom. cons.
- Barbeyaceae Rendle, nom. cons.
- Dirachmaceae Hutch.
- Elaeagnaceae Juss., nom. cons.
- Rhamnaceae Juss., nom. cons.
- Ulmaceae Mirb., nom. cons.
- Cannabaceae Martinov, nom. cons.
- Moraceae Gaudich., nom. cons.
- Urticaceae Juss., nom. cons.
- Fagales Engl.
- Nothofagaceae Kuprian.
- Fagaceae Dumort., nom. cons.
- Myricaceae Rich. ex Kunth, nom. cons.
- Juglandaceae DC. ex Perleb, nom. cons.
- Casuarinaceae R.Br., nom. cons.
- Ticodendraceae Gomez-Laur. & L.D.Gomez
- Betulaceae Gray, nom. cons.
- Cucurbitales Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl
- Apodanthaceae Tiegh. ex Takht. *
- Anisophylleaceae Ridl.
- Corynocarpaceae Engl., nom. cons.
- Coriariaceae DC., nom. cons.
- Cucurbitaceae Juss., nom. cons.
- Tetramelaceae Airy Shaw
- Datiscaceae Dumort., nom. cons.
- Begoniaceae C.Agardh, nom. cons.
COM gren[2] med usikker placering[redigér | rediger kildetekst]
- Celastrales
- Lepidobotryaceae J. Leonard, nom. cons.
- Celastraceae R.Br., nom. cons.
- Oxalidales Bercht. & J.Presl
- Huaceae A.Chev.
- Connaraceae R.Br., nom. cons.
- Oxalidaceae R.Br., nom. cons.
- Cunoniaceae R.Br., nom. cons.
- Elaeocarpaceae Juss., nom. cons.
- Cephalotaceae Dumort., nom. cons.
- Brunelliaceae Engl., nom. cons.
- Malpighiales Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl
- Pandaceae Engl. & Gilg, nom. cons.
- Irvingiaceae Exell & Mendonça, nom. cons. * (omfattende Allantospermum Forman)
- Ctenolophonaceae Exell & Mendonça
- Rhizophoraceae Pers., nom. cons.
- Erythroxylaceae Kunth, nom. cons.
- Ochnaceae DC., nom. cons.
- Bonnetiaceae L.Beauvis. ex Nakai
- Clusiaceae Lindl., nom. cons. (= Guttiferae Juss., nom. cons.)
- Calophyllaceae J.Agardh
- Podostemaceae Rich. ex Kunth, nom. cons.
- Hypericaceae Juss., nom. cons.
- Caryocaraceae Voigt, nom. cons.
- Lophopyxidaceae H.Pfeiff.
- Putranjivaceae Meisn.
- Centroplacaceae Doweld & Reveal
- Elatinaceae Dumort., nom. cons.
- Malpighiaceae Juss., nom. cons.
- Balanopaceae Benth. & Hook.f., nom. cons.
- Trigoniaceae A.Juss., nom. cons.
- Dichapetalaceae Baill., nom. cons.
- Euphroniaceae Marc.-Berti
- Chrysobalanaceae R.Br., nom. cons.
- Humiriaceae A.Juss., nom. cons.
- Achariaceae Harms, nom. cons.
- Violaceae Batsch, nom. cons.
- Goupiaceae Miers
- Passifloraceae Juss. ex Roussel, nom. cons.
- Lacistemataceae Mart., nom. cons.
- Salicaceae Mirb., nom. cons.
- Peraceae Klotzsch *
- Rafflesiaceae Dumort., nom. cons.
- Euphorbiaceae Juss., nom. cons. *
- Linaceae DC. ex Perleb, nom. cons.
- Ixonanthaceae Planch. ex Miq., nom. cons. *
- Picrodendraceae Small, nom. cons.
- Phyllanthaceae Martinov, nom. cons.
Rosider fortsat[redigér | rediger kildetekst]
- Geraniales Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl
- Geraniaceae Juss., nom. cons.
- Francoaceae A.Juss., nom. cons. * (omfattende Bersamaceae Doweld, Greyiaceae Hutch., nom. cons., Ledocarpaceae Meyen, Melianthaceae Horan., nom. cons., Rhynchothecaceae A.Juss., Vivianiaceae Klotzsch, nom. cons.)
- Myrtales Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl
- Combretaceae R.Br., nom. cons.
- Lythraceae J.St.-Hil., nom. cons.
- Onagraceae Juss., nom. cons.
- Vochysiaceae A.St.-Hil., nom. cons.
- Myrtaceae Juss., nom. cons.
- Melastomataceae Juss., nom. cons.
- Crypteroniaceae A.DC., nom. cons.
- Alzateaceae S.A.Graham
- Penaeaceae Sweet ex Guill., nom. cons.
- Crossosomatales Takht. ex Reveal
- Aphloiaceae Takht.
- Geissolomataceae A.DC., nom. cons.
- Strasburgeriaceae Tiegh., nom. cons.
- Staphyleaceae Martinov, nom. cons.
- Guamatelaceae S.H.Oh & D.Potter
- Stachyuraceae J.Agardh, nom. cons.
- Crossosomataceae Engl., nom. cons.
- Picramniales Doweld
- Picramniaceae Fernando & Quinn
- Huerteales Doweld
- Gerrardinaceae M.H.Alford
- Petenaeaceae Christenh. et al. *
- Tapisciaceae Takht.
- Dipentodontaceae Merr., nom. cons.
- Sapindales Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl
- Biebersteiniaceae Schnizl.
- Nitrariaceae Lindl.
- Kirkiaceae Takht.
- Burseraceae Kunth, nom. cons.
- Anacardiaceae R.Br., nom. cons.
- Sapindaceae Juss., nom. cons. (omfattende Xanthocerataceae Buerki et al., as 'Xanthoceraceae')
- Rutaceae Juss., nom. cons.
- Simaroubaceae DC., nom. cons.
- Meliaceae Juss., nom. cons.
- Malvales Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl
- Cytinaceae A.Rich.
- Muntingiaceae C.Bayer et al.
- Neuradaceae Kostel., nom. cons.
- Malvaceae Juss., nom. cons.
- Sphaerosepalaceae Bullock
- Thymelaeaceae Juss., nom. cons.
- Bixaceae Kunth, nom. cons.
- Cistaceae Juss., nom. cons. * (omfattende Pakaraimaea Maguire & P.S.Ashton)
- Sarcolaenaceae Caruel, nom. cons.
- Dipterocarpaceae Blume, nom. cons. *
- Brassicales Bromhead
- Akaniaceae Stapf, nom. cons.
- Tropaeolaceae Juss. ex DC., nom. cons.
- Moringaceae Martinov, nom. cons.
- Caricaceae Dumort., nom. cons.
- Limnanthaceae R.Br., nom. cons.
- Setchellanthaceae Iltis
- Koeberliniaceae Engl., nom. cons.
- Bataceae Mart. ex Perleb, nom. cons.
- Salvadoraceae Lindl., nom. cons.
- Emblingiaceae Airy Shaw
- Tovariaceae Pax, nom. cons.
- Pentadiplandraceae Hutch. & Dalziel
- Gyrostemonaceae A.Juss., nom. cons.
- Resedaceae Martinov, nom. cons. * (omfattende Borthwickiaceae J.X.Su et al., Stixidaceae Doweld as 'Stixaceae', Forchhammeria Liebm.)
- Capparaceae Juss., nom. cons. *
- Cleomaceae Bercht. & J.Presl
- Brassicaceae Burnett, nom. cons. (= Cruciferae Juss., nom. cons.)
Overasterider[redigér | rediger kildetekst]
- Berberidopsidales Doweld
- Aextoxicaceae Engl. & Gilg, nom. cons.
- Berberidopsidaceae Takht.
- Santalales R.Br. ex Bercht. & J.Presl
- Olacaceae R.Br., nom. cons. (ikke monofyletisk; omfattende Aptandraceae Miers, Coulaceae Tiegh., Erythropalaceae Planch. ex Miq., nom. cons., Octoknemaceae Soler. nom. cons., Strombosiaceae Tiegh., Ximeniaceae Horan.)
- Opiliaceae Valeton, nom. cons.
- Balanophoraceae Rich., nom. cons.
- Santalaceae R.Br., nom. cons. (ikke monofyletisk, hvis Balanophoraceae medtages; omfattende Amphorogynaceae Nickrent & Der, Cervantesiaceae Nickrent & Der, Comandraceae Nickrent & Der, Nanodeaceae Nickrent & Der, Thesiaceae Vest, Viscaceae Batsch)
- Misodendraceae J.Agardh, nom. cons.
- Schoepfiaceae Blume
- Loranthaceae Juss., nom. cons.
- Caryophyllales Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl
- Frankeniaceae Desv., nom. cons.
- Tamaricaceae Link, nom. cons.
- Plumbaginaceae Juss., nom. cons.
- Polygonaceae Juss., nom. cons.
- Droseraceae Salisb., nom. cons.
- Nepenthaceae Dumort, nom. cons.
- Drosophyllaceae Chrtek et al.
- Dioncophyllaceae Airy Shaw, nom. cons.
- Ancistrocladaceae Planch. ex Walp., nom. cons.
- Rhabdodendraceae Prance
- Simmondsiaceae Tiegh.
- Physenaceae Takht.
- Asteropeiaceae Takht. ex Reveal & Hoogland
- Macarthuriaceae Christenh. *
- Microteaceae Schäferhoff & Borsch *
- Caryophyllaceae Juss., nom. cons.
- Achatocarpaceae Heimerl, nom. cons.
- Amaranthaceae Juss., nom. cons.
- Stegnospermataceae Nakai
- Limeaceae Shipunov ex Reveal *
- Lophiocarpaceae Doweld & Reveal
- Kewaceae Christenh. *
- Barbeuiaceae Nakai
- Gisekiaceae Nakai
- Aizoaceae Martinov, nom. cons.
- Phytolaccaceae R.Br., nom. cons. *
- Petiveriaceae C.Agardh * (omfattende Rivinaceae C.Agardh)
- Sarcobataceae Behnke
- Nyctaginaceae Juss., nom. cons.
- Molluginaceae Bartl., nom. cons. *
- Montiaceae Raf.
- Didiereaceae Radlk., nom. cons.
- Basellaceae Raf., nom. cons.
- Halophytaceae S.Soriano
- Talinaceae Doweld
- Portulacaceae Juss., nom. cons.
- Anacampserotaceae Eggli & Nyffeler
- Cactaceae Juss., nom. cons.
Asterider[redigér | rediger kildetekst]
- Cornales Link
- Nyssaceae Juss. ex Dumort., nom. cons.
- Hydrostachyaceae Engl., nom. cons.
- Hydrangeaceae Dumort., nom. cons.
- Loasaceae Juss., nom. cons.
- Curtisiaceae Takht.
- Grubbiaceae Endl. ex Meisn., nom. cons.
- Cornaceae Bercht. & J.Presl, nom. cons.
- Ericales Bercht. & J.Presl
- Balsaminaceae A.Rich., nom. cons.
- Marcgraviaceae Bercht. & J.Presl, nom. cons.
- Tetrameristaceae Hutch.
- Fouquieriaceae DC., nom. cons.
- Polemoniaceae Juss., nom. cons.
- Lecythidaceae A.Rich., nom. cons.
- Sladeniaceae Airy Shaw
- Pentaphylacaceae Engl., nom. cons.
- Sapotaceae Juss., nom. cons.
- Ebenaceae Gürke, nom. cons.
- Primulaceae Batsch ex Borkh., nom. cons.
- Theaceae Mirb., nom. cons.
- Symplocaceae Desf., nom. cons.
- Diapensiaceae Lindl., nom. cons.
- Styracaceae DC. & Spreng., nom. cons.
- Sarraceniaceae Dumort., nom. cons.
- Roridulaceae Martinov, nom. cons.
- Actinidiaceae Gilg & Werderm., nom. cons.
- Clethraceae Klotzsch, nom. cons.
- Cyrillaceae Lindl., nom. cons.
- Ericaceae Juss., nom. cons.
- Mitrastemonaceae Makino, nom. cons. (uklar placering indenfor ordenen)
- Icacinales Tiegh. †
- Oncothecaceae Kobuski ex Airy Shaw
- Icacinaceae Miers, nom. cons. *
- Metteniusales Takht. †
- Metteniusaceae H.Karst. ex Schnizl. *
- Garryales Mart.
- Eucommiaceae Engl., nom. cons.
- Garryaceae Lindl., nom. cons.
- Gentianales Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl
- Rubiaceae Juss., nom. cons.
- Gentianaceae Juss., nom. cons.
- Loganiaceae R.Br. ex Mart., nom. cons.
- Gelsemiaceae L.Struwe & V.A.Albert * (omfattende Pteleocarpaceae Brummitt)
- Apocynaceae Juss., nom. cons.
- Boraginales Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl †
- Boraginaceae Juss., nom. cons. (omfattende Codonaceae Weigend & Hilger)
- Vahliales Doweld †
- Vahliaceae Dandy
- Solanales Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl
- Convolvulaceae Juss., nom. cons.
- Solanaceae Juss., nom. cons.
- Montiniaceae Nakai, nom. cons.
- Sphenocleaceae T.Baskerv., nom. cons.
- Hydroleaceae R.Br.
- Lamiales Bromhead
- Plocospermataceae Hutch.
- Carlemanniaceae Airy Shaw
- Oleaceae Hoffmanns. & Link, nom. cons.
- Tetrachondraceae Wettst.
- Calceolariaceae Olmstead
- Gesneriaceae Rich. & Juss., nom. cons. * (placeringen af Peltanthera Benth. er problematisk og betragtes her som manglende en placering i en familie)
- Plantaginaceae Juss., nom. cons.
- Scrophulariaceae Juss., nom. cons.
- Stilbaceae Kunth, nom. cons.
- Linderniaceae Borsch et al.
- Byblidaceae Domin, nom. cons.
- Martyniaceae Horan., nom. cons.
- Pedaliaceae R.Br., nom. cons.
- Acanthaceae Juss., nom. cons.
- Bignoniaceae Juss., nom. cons.
- Lentibulariaceae Rich., nom. cons.
- Schlegeliaceae Reveal
- Thomandersiaceae Sreem.
- Verbenaceae J.St.Hil., nom. cons.
- Lamiaceae Martinov, nom. cons. (= Labiatae Juss., nom. cons.)
- Mazaceae Reveal
- Phrymaceae Schauer, nom. cons. *
- Paulowniaceae Nakai
- Orobanchaceae Vent., nom. cons. * (omfattende Lindenbergiaceae Doweld, Rehmanniaceae Reveal)
- Aquifoliales Senft
- Stemonuraceae
Kårehed
- Cardiopteridaceae Blume, nom. cons.
- Phyllonomaceae Small
- Helwingiaceae Decne.
- Aquifoliaceae Bercht. & J.Presl, nom. cons.
- Stemonuraceae
- Asterales Link
- Rousseaceae DC.
- Campanulaceae Juss., nom. cons.
- Pentaphragmataceae J.Agardh, nom. cons.
- Stylidiaceae R.Br., nom. cons.
- Alseuosmiaceae Airy Shaw
- Phellinaceae Takht.
- Argophyllaceae Takht.
- Menyanthaceae Dumort., nom. cons.
- Goodeniaceae R.Br., nom. cons.
- Calyceraceae R.Br. ex Rich., nom. cons.
- Asteraceae Bercht. & J.Presl, nom. cons. (= Compositae Giseke, nom. cons.)
- Escalloniales Link
- Escalloniaceae R.Br. ex Dumort., nom. cons.
- Bruniales Dumort.
- Columelliaceae D.Don, nom. cons.
- Bruniaceae R.Br. ex DC., nom. cons.
- Paracryphiales Takht. ex Reveal
- Paracryphiaceae Airy Shaw
- Dipsacales Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl
- Adoxaceae E.Mey., nom. cons. (= Viburnaceae Raf., nom. cons. prop.)
- Caprifoliaceae Juss., nom. cons.
- Apiales Nakai
- Pennantiaceae J.Agardh
- Torricelliaceae Hu
- Griseliniaceae Takht., nom. cons. prop.
- Pittosporaceae R.Br., nom. cons.
- Araliaceae Juss., nom. cons.
- Myodocarpaceae Doweld
- Apiaceae Lindl., nom. cons. (= Umbelliferae Juss., nom. cons.)
Klassificering[redigér | rediger kildetekst]
I modsætning til det man valgte ved offentliggørelsen af APG III-systemet, er der ikke kommet nogen revision af grupperingerne til de højere niveauer af APG IV[3]
Noter[redigér | rediger kildetekst]
- ^ Angiosperm Phylogeny Group: An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV Arkiveret 28. april 2019 hos Wayback Machine i Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 2016, 181,1 side 1-20 (engelsk)
- ^ Betegnelsen ”COM” skyldes forbogstaverne i de tre væsentligste ordener (Celastrales, Oxaliales og Malpighiales)
- ^ M.W. Chase og J. L. Reveal: ’’A phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III’’ i ’’Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society’’, 2009, 161, 2 side 122-127
Litteratur[redigér | rediger kildetekst]
- Angiosperm Phylogeny Group: An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III i Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2009, 161, 2 side 105–121.
- Angiosperm Phylogeny Group: An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV i Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2016, 181, 1 side 1-20.
- E. Haston, J.E. Richardson, P.F. Stevens, M.W. Chase og D.J. Harris: The Linear Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (LAPG) III: a linear sequence of the families in APG III i Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2009, 161, 2 side 128–131.
- Michael Francis Fay: APG - classification by consensus Arkiveret 16. april 2019 hos Wayback Machine i Kew Science, 2016
- Theodor C.H. Cole, Hartmut H. Hilger og Peter F. Stevens: ’’Angiosperm Phylogeny Poster - Flowering Plant Systematics’’ Arkiveret 17. maj 2017 hos Wayback Machine, 2017