Funktionel gruppe
(Omdirigeret fra Kemiske stofgrupper)
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I kemi er en funktionel gruppe den del af et molekyle som bestemmer molekylets kemiske egenskaber og dermed hvilke reaktioner molekylet kan deltage i. Et molekyle kan indeholde mere end en funktionel gruppe, eller slet ingen.
Klasse | Gruppe | Formel | Strukturformel | Præfiks | Suffiks | Eksempel |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Acylhalid (syreklorid) | Haloformyl | RCOX | ![]() |
haloformyl- | -oylhalid | Acetylklorid Acetylklorid (Ethanoylklorid) |
Alkohol | Hydroxyl | ROH | hydroxy- | -ol | ![]() Methanol | |
Aldehyd | Aldehyd | RCHO | ![]() |
oxo- | -al | ![]() Acetaldehyd (Ethanal) |
Alkan | Alkyl | RH | ![]() |
alkyl- | -an | ![]() Methan |
Alken | Alkenyl | R2C=CR2 | ![]() |
alkenyl- | -en | ![]() Ethylen (Ethen) |
Alkyn | Alkynyl | RC≡CR' | ![]() |
alkynyl- | -yn | ![]() Acetylen (Ethyn) |
Amid | Carboxamid | RCONR2 | ![]() |
carboxamido- | -amid | ![]() Acetamid (Ethanamid) |
Aminer | Primær amin | RNH2 | ![]() |
amino- | -amin | ![]() Metylamin (Methanamin) |
Sekundær amin | R2NH | ![]() |
amino- | -amin | ![]() Dimethylamin | |
Tertiær amin | R3N | ![]() |
amino- | -amin | ![]() Trimethylamin | |
Kvarternær ammoniumkation | R4N+ | ![]() |
ammonio- | -ammonium | ![]() Kolin | |
Azoforbindelse | Azo (Diimid) |
RN2R' | ![]() |
azo- | -diazen | ![]() Methylorange (p-dimethylamino- azobenzensulfonsyre) |
Toluenderivater | Benzyl | RCH2C6H5 RBn |
![]() |
benzyl- | 1-(substituent)toluen | ![]() Benzylbromid (1-Bromtoluen) |
Carbonat | Carbonatester | ROCOOR | ![]() |
alkyl carbonat | ||
Carboxylat | Carboxylat | RCOO− | carboxy- | -oat | ![]() Natriumacetat (Natriumethanoat) | |
Carboxylsyre | Carboxyl | RCOOH | ![]() |
carboxy- | -(carboxyl)syre | ![]() Eddikesyre (Ethansyre) |
Cyanater | Cyanat | ROCN | ![]() |
cyanato- | alkyl cyanat | |
Thiocyanat | RSCN | ![]() |
thiocyanato- | alkyl thiocyanat | ||
Æter | Æter | ROR' | alkoxy- | alkyl-alkyl-æter | ![]() Diætylæter (Ethoxyethan) | |
Ester | Ester | RCOOR' | ![]() |
alkyl-alkanoate | ![]() Ætylbutyrat (Ætylbutanoat) | |
Haloalkan | Halo | RX | ![]() |
halo- | alkylhalid | ![]() Chlorethan (Ætylklorid) |
Hydroperoxid | Hydroperoxy | ROOH | ![]() |
hydroperoxy- | alkylhydroperoxid | ![]() Methylethylketonperoxid |
Imin | Primær ketimin | RC(=NH)R' | ![]() |
imino- | -imin | |
Sekundær ketimin | RC(=NR)R' | ![]() |
imino- | -imin | ||
Primær aldimin | RC(=NH)H | ![]() |
imino- | -imin | ||
Sekundær aldimin | RC(=NR')H | ![]() |
imino- | -imin | ||
Isocyanid | Isocyanid | RNC | isocyano- | alkylisocyanid | ||
Isocyanater | Isocyanat | RNCO | ![]() |
isocyanato- | alkylisocyanat | ![]() Methylisocyanat |
Isothiocyanat | RNCS | ![]() |
isothiocyanato- | alkylisothiocyanat | ![]() Allylisothiocyanat | |
Keton | Carbonyl | RCOR' | ![]() |
keto-, oxo- | -on | ![]() Methylethylketon (Butanon) |
Nitrat | Nitrat | RONO2 | ![]() |
nitrooxy-, nitroxy- |
alkylnitrat |
![]() Amylnitrat (1-nitrooxypentan) |
Nitril | Nitril | RCN | ![]() |
cyano- |
alkannitril |
![]() Benzonitril (Phenylcyanid) |
Nitrit | Nitrosooxy | RONO | ![]() |
nitrosooxy- |
alkylnitrit |
![]() Amylnitrit (3-methyl-1-nitrosooxybutan) |
Nitroforbindelse | Nitro | RNO2 | ![]() |
nitro- | ![]() Nitromethan | |
Nitrosoforbindelse | Nitroso | RNO | ![]() |
nitroso- | ![]() Nitrosobenzen | |
Peroxid | Peroxy | ROOR | ![]() |
peroxy- | alkylperoxid | ![]() Di-tert-butylperoxid |
Benzenderivater | Phenyl | RC6H5 | ![]() |
phenyl- | -benzen | ![]() Cumene (2-phenylpropan) |
Fosfin | Fosfino | R3P | ![]() |
phosphino- | -phosphan | ![]() Methylpropylphosphan |
Fosfodiester | Fosfat | HOPO(OR)2 | ![]() |
fosforsyre- di(substituent)ester |
di(substituent)- hydrogenfosfat |
DNA |
Phosphosyre | Phosphono | RP(=O)(OH)2 | ![]() |
phosphono- | substituent phosphonsyre | ![]() Benzylphosphonic acid |
Fosfat | Fosfat | ROP(=O)(OH)2 | ![]() |
phospho- | ![]() Glyceraldehyd-3-fosfat | |
Pyridinderivater | Pyridyl | RC5H4N |
4-pyridyl |
-pyridin | ![]() Nicotin | |
Sulfid | RSR' | ![]() |
di(substituent)sulfid | ![]() Dimethylsulfid | ||
Sulfon | Sulfonyl | RSO2R' | ![]() |
sulfonyl- | di(substituent)- sulfon |
![]() Dimethylsulfon (Metylsulfonylmetan) |
Sulfonsyre | Sulfo | RSO3H | ![]() |
sulfo- | substituent- sulfonsyre |
![]() Benzensulfonsyre |
Sulfoxid | Sulfinyl | RSOR' | ![]() |
sulfinyl- | di(substituent)- sulfoxid |
![]() Difenylsulfoxid |
Thiol | Sulfhydryl | RSH | ![]() |
mercapto-, sulfanyl- | -thiol | ![]() Ethanthiol (Ethylmercaptan) |
![]() | Stub Denne artikel om kemi er kun påbegyndt. Hvis du ved mere om emnet, kan du hjælpe Wikipedia ved at udvide den. |
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