Tyrkiske folkeslag: Forskelle mellem versioner

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Nogle [[etnografi|etnografer]] har grupperet tyrkiske folk i seks hovedgrupper: [[oghuz-tyrkere]], [[kiptsjaker]], [[karlukere]], [[Sibirien|sibirere]], [[tjuvasjer]], og [[jakuter]]. Den først nævnte gruppe er også blevet betegnet som "vestlige tyrkere", mens de øvrige fem grupper i den samme klassifikation, er blevet betegnet som "østlige tyrkere".
Nogle [[etnografi|etnografer]] har grupperet tyrkiske folk i seks hovedgrupper: [[oghuz-tyrkere]], [[kiptsjaker]], [[karlukere]], [[Sibirien|sibirere]], [[tjuvasjer]], og [[jakuter]]. Den først nævnte gruppe er også blevet betegnet som "vestlige tyrkere", mens de øvrige fem grupper i den samme klassifikation, er blevet betegnet som "østlige tyrkere".

==Minorities in Turkic countries==
{{Refimprove section|date=August 2018}}

===Azerbaijan===
{{main article|Demographics of Azerbaijan}}
===Kazakhstan===
{{main article|Demographics of Kazakhstan}}
===Kyrgyzstan===
{{main article|Demographics of Kyrgyzstan}}
===Turkey===
{{main article|Demographics of Turkey}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Number !! Ethnic !! Minimum Estimates || Maximum Estimates || Further information
|- style="background:#9acdff;"
!colspan=5 | [[Balkans|Balkan]]
|-
!1
| {{flag|Albania}} || 1,500,000 || 5,000,000 || [[Albanians in Turkey]] / [[Albanians]]
|-
!2
| {{flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}} || 100,000 || 2,000,000 || [[Bosniaks in Turkey]] / [[Bosnians]]
|-
!3
| {{flag|Bulgaria}} || 350,000 || 750,000 || [[Bulgarians in Turkey]] / [[Pomaks in Turkey]] / [[Bulgarians]]
|-
!4
| {{flag|Greece}} || 2,000 || 30,000 || [[Greeks in Turkey]] / [[Pontic Greeks]] / [[Caucasus Greeks]] / [[Greeks]]
|-
!5
| {{flag|Serbia}} || 15,000 || 60,000 || [[Serbs in Turkey]] / [[Serbs]]
|- style="background:#9acdff;"
| align=center|1 || align=center|Total || '''2,000,000''' || '''7,900,000''' || '''[[Minorities in Turkey]]'''
|- style="background:#9acdff;"
!colspan=5 | [[Peoples of the Caucasus|Caucasus]]
|-
!1
| {{flag|Abkhazia}} || 600,000 || 600,000 || [[Abkhazians]] / [[Abkhaz language]]
|-
!2
| {{flag|Armenia}} || 150,000 || 5,000,000 || [[Armenians in Turkey]] / [[Hidden Armenians]] / [[Armenians]]
|-
!3
| {{flag|Chechnya}} || 100,000 || 100,000 || [[Chechens in Turkey]] / [[Chechens]]
|-
!4
| {{flag|Circassia}} || 150,000 || 7,000,000 || [[Circassians in Turkey]] / [[Circassians]]
|-
!5
| {{flag|Georgia}} || 100,000 || 1,500,000 || [[Georgians in Turkey]] / [[Georgians]]
|-
!6
| {{flag|Lazica}} || 45,000 || 2,250,000 || [[Laz people in Turkey]] / [[Laz people]]
|- style="background:#9acdff;"
| align=center|2 || align=center|Total || '''1,100,000''' || '''16,450,000''' || '''[[Peoples of the Caucasus in Turkey]]''' / '''[[Peoples of the Caucasus]]'''
|- style="background:#9acdff;"
!colspan=5 | [[Demographics of Central Asia|Central Asia]]
|-
!1
| {{flag|Kazakhstan}} || 10,000 || 10,000 || [[Kazakhs]]
|-
!2
| {{flag|Kyrgyzstan}} || 1,600 || 1,600 || [[Kyrgyzs]]
|-
!3
| {{flag|Tajikistan}} || 1,000 || 1,000 || [[Tajiks]]
|-
!4
| {{flag|Turkmenistan}} || 1,500 || 1,500 || [[Turkmens]]
|-
!5
| {{flag|East Turkestan}} || 50,000 || 50,000 || [[Uyghurs]]
|-
!6
| {{flag|Uzbekistan}} || 45,000 || 45,000 || [[Uzbeks]]
|- style="background:#9acdff;"
| align=center|3 || align=center|Total || '''120,000''' || '''120,000''' || '''[[Central Asian peoples]]'''
|- style="background:#9acdff;"
!colspan=5 | Turkic peoples
|- style="background:#9acdff;"
|-
!1
| {{flag|Azerbaijan}} || 530,000 || 800,000 || [[Azerbaijanis in Turkey]] / [[Azerbaijanis]]
|-
!2
| {{flag|Crimea}} || 150,000 || 6,000,000 || [[Crimean Tatars in Turkey]] / [[Crimean Tatars]]
|-
!3
| {{flag|Karachay-Cherkessia}} || 20,000 || 20,000 || [[Karachays]]
|-
!4
| {{flag|Turkey}} || 40,000 || 75,000 || [[Meskhetian Turks]]
|- style="background:#9acdff;"
| align=center|4 || align=center|Total || '''740,000''' || '''6,895,000''' || '''[[Turkic peoples]]'''
|- style="background:#9acdff;"
!colspan=5 | [[Iranian peoples]]
|-
!1
| {{flag|Afghanistan}} || 25,000 || 50,000 || [[Afghans in Turkey]] / [[Afghans]]
|-
!2
| {{flag|Iran}} || 500,000 || 650,000 || [[Iranian diaspora]] / [[Persians]]
|-
!3
| {{flag|Kurdistan}} || 13,000,000 || 23,000,000 || [[Kurds in Turkey]] / [[Kurdish population]] / [[Turkish Kurdistan]] / [[Kurds]]
|-
!4
| {{flag|Kurdistan}} || 1,000,000 || 3,000,000 || [[Zaza Kurds]] / [[Zaza nationalism]] / [[Zaza language]]
|-
!5
| {{flag|North Ossetia-Alania}} || 50,000 || 50,000 || [[Ossetians in Turkey]] / [[Ossetians]]
|-
!6
| {{flag|Romani}} || 700,000 || 5,000,000 || [[Romani people in Turkey]] / [[Romani people]]
|- style="background:#9acdff;"
| align=center|5 || align=center|Total || '''15,300,000''' || '''31,750,000''' || '''[[Iranian peoples]]'''
|- style="background:#9acdff;"
!colspan=5 | [[Ethnic groups in Europe|European peoples]]
|-
!1
| {{flag|Netherlands}} || 15,000 || 15,000 || [[Dutch people]]
|-
!2
| {{flag|Germany}} || 50,000 || 50,000 || [[Germans in Turkey]] / [[Germans]]
|-
!3
| {{flag|Great Britain}} || 35,000 || 35,000 || [[Britons in Turkey]] / [[British people]]
|-
!4
| {{flag|Italy}} || 35,000 || 35,000 || [[Levantines in Turkey]] / [[Levantines (Latin Catholics)]]
|-
!5
| {{flag|Poland}} || 4,000 || 4,000 || [[Polish diaspora]] / [[Poles]]
|-
!6
| {{flag|Russia}} || 50,000 || 50,000 || [[Russians in Turkey]] / [[Russians]]
|- style="background:#9acdff;"
| align=center|6 || align=center|Total || '''190,000''' || '''190,000''' || '''[[Ethnic groups in Europe|European peoples]]'''
|- style="background:#9acdff;"
!colspan=5 | [[Minorities|Other Minorities]]
|-
!1
| {{flag|African Union}} || 100,000 || 100,000 || [[Afro Turks]] / [[African diaspora]] / [[Africans]]
|-
!2
| {{flag|Arab League}} || 1,500,000 || 5,000,000 || [[Arabs in Turkey]] / [[Iraqis in Turkey]] / [[Arabs]]
|-
!3
| {{flag|Assyria}} || 15,000 || 65,000 || [[Assyrians in Turkey]] / [[Assyrian genocide]] / [[Assyrian people|Assyrians]]
|-
!4
| {{flag|Israel}} || 15,000 || 18,000 || [[Jews in Turkey]] / [[Antisemitism in Turkey]] / [[Jews]]
|- style="background:#9acdff;"
| align=center|7 || align=center|Total || '''1,630,000''' || '''5,200,000''' || '''[[Minorities|Other Minorities in Turkey]]'''
|- style="background:silver;"
| align=center|'''37 Group''' || align=center|'''Grand Total''' || '''21,080,000''' || '''68,505,000''' || '''[[Minorities in Turkey]]'''
|-
|}

===Turkmenistan===
{{main article|Demographics of Turkmenistan}}
===Uzbekistan===
{{main article|Demographics of Uzbekistan}}

==Past and future population==
* {{main|List of countries by past and future population}}
* {{main|List of countries by future population (United Nations, medium fertility variant)}}
* [[List of countries by past and future population]] provide 1950, 2000 and 2050 population while [[List of countries by future population (United Nations, medium fertility variant)]] provide 2100 population.
{| class="sortable wikitable" style="text-align: center"
!Rank!!Country!!Area!!1950!!2000!!2050!!2100
|-
|1||align=left|{{TUR}}||783,562||21,122,000||65,970,000||89,291,000||87,983,000
|-
|2||align=left|{{UZB}}||447,400||6,293,000||25,042,000||35,117,000||32,077,000
|-
|3||align=left|{{KAZ}}||2,724,900||6,694,000||15,688,000||22,238,000||24,712,000
|-
|4||align=left|{{AZE}}||86,600||2,886,000||8,464,000||11,210,000||9,636,000
|-
|5||align=left|{{KGZ}}||199,900||1,739,000||4,938,000||7,064,000||9,046,000
|-
|6||align=left|{{TKM}}||488,100||1,205,000||4,386,000||6,608,000||5,606,000
|-
!colspan=2|'''Total'''||'''4,730,462'''||'''39,939,000'''||'''124,488,000'''||'''171,528,000'''||'''169,060,000'''
|}

==Land and water area (excluding [[Caspian Sea]])==
* {{main|Exclusive economic zone}}
This list includes [[dependent territories]] within their [[List of sovereign states|sovereign states]] (including uninhabited territories), but does not include claims on [[Antarctica]]. EEZ+TIA is exclusive economic zone (EEZ) plus [[List of countries and outlying territories by total area|total internal area]] (TIA) which includes land and internal waters.
{| class="sortable wikitable" style="text-align: center"
!Rank!!Country!!Area!!EEZ!!Shelf!!EEZ+TIA
|-
|1||align=left|{{TUR}}||783,562||261,654||56,093||1,045,216
|-
|2||align=left|{{UZB}}||447,400||0||0||447,400
|-
|3||align=left|{{KAZ}}||2,724,900||0||0||2,724,900
|-
|4||align=left|{{AZE}}||86,600||0||0||86,600
|-
|5||align=left|{{KGZ}}||199,900||0||0||199,900
|-
|6||align=left|{{TKM}}||488,100||0||0||488,100
|-
!colspan=2|'''Total'''||'''4,730,462'''||'''261,654'''||'''56,093'''||'''4,992,116'''
|}


== Noter ==
== Noter ==

Versionen fra 5. sep. 2019, 07:55

Lande og selvstyrende områder, hvor et tyrkisk sprog har officiel status.

Tyrkiske folkeslag betegner en række etniske folkegrupper, som lever i nordlige, centrale og vestlige Asien, i Xinjiang og i dele af det østlige Europa. De taler sprog, som tilhører den tyrkiske sprogfamilie. De har i varierende grad bestemte kulturelle træk og historiske forudsætninger til fælles. Begrebet "tyrkisk" repræsenterer en bred etnisk-sproglig gruppe af mennesker, som omfatter eksisterende samfund såsom tyrkere i Tyrkiet, aserbajdsjanere, tjuvasjere, kasakhere, tatarer, kirgisere, turkmenere, uighurere, usbekere, basjkirere, kaschgaier, gagausere, jakutere, krim-karaittere, krimtsjakere, karakalpakere, karatschaiere, nogajere, qashqaiere foruden tidligere civilisationer og folk som göktyrkere, kumanere, kiptsjakere, avarere, førbulgarere, turgesjere, khazarere, seldsjukker, osmanner, mamelukker, timurider og muligvis også hunnere og Xiongnu. [1][2]

Udbredelse

Udbredelsen af folkeslag med tyrkisk kulturel baggrund strækker sig fra Sibirien, over Turkestan i det centrale Asien til Østeuropa. I 2011 var den største gruppe af tyrkiske mennesker, som lever over hele Centralasien — Kasakhstan, Kirgisistan, Turkmenistan, Usbekistan, og Aserbajdsjan, desuden i Tyrkiet og Iran. Der ud over findes der tyrkiske folk på Krim, det østturkistanske område i Xinjiang, det nordlige Irak, Pakistan, Israel, Rusland, Afghanistan og i landene på Balkan: Moldova, Bulgarien, Rumænien og tidligere Jugoslavien. Et mindre antal tyrkiske folk lever også i Vilnius, hovedstaden i Litauen, et mindre antal bor i det østlige Polen, og den sydøstlige del af Finland.[3] Det er også betydelige grupper af tyrkiske folk (oprindeligt hovedsagelig fra Tyrkiet) i især Tyskland, men også i USA og Australien, hovedsagelig på grund af indvandring af fremmedarbejdere fra og med 1960'erne.

Nogle etnografer har grupperet tyrkiske folk i seks hovedgrupper: oghuz-tyrkere, kiptsjaker, karlukere, sibirere, tjuvasjer, og jakuter. Den først nævnte gruppe er også blevet betegnet som "vestlige tyrkere", mens de øvrige fem grupper i den samme klassifikation, er blevet betegnet som "østlige tyrkere".

Minorities in Turkic countries

Skabelon:Refimprove section

Azerbaijan

Skabelon:Main article

Kazakhstan

Skabelon:Main article

Kyrgyzstan

Skabelon:Main article

Turkey

Skabelon:Main article

Number Ethnic Minimum Estimates Maximum Estimates Further information
Balkan
1 Albanien Albania 1,500,000 5,000,000 Albanians in Turkey / Albanians
2 Bosnien-Hercegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina 100,000 2,000,000 Bosniaks in Turkey / Bosnians
3 Bulgarien Bulgaria 350,000 750,000 Bulgarians in Turkey / Pomaks in Turkey / Bulgarians
4 Grækenland Greece 2,000 30,000 Greeks in Turkey / Pontic Greeks / Caucasus Greeks / Greeks
5 Serbien Serbia 15,000 60,000 Serbs in Turkey / Serbs
1 Total 2,000,000 7,900,000 Minorities in Turkey
Caucasus
1 Skabelon:Lande data Abkhazia 600,000 600,000 Abkhazians / Abkhaz language
2 Armenien Armenia 150,000 5,000,000 Armenians in Turkey / Hidden Armenians / Armenians
3 Skabelon:Lande data Chechnya 100,000 100,000 Chechens in Turkey / Chechens
4 Skabelon:Lande data Circassia 150,000 7,000,000 Circassians in Turkey / Circassians
5 Georgia Georgia 100,000 1,500,000 Georgians in Turkey / Georgians
6 Skabelon:Lande data Lazica 45,000 2,250,000 Laz people in Turkey / Laz people
2 Total 1,100,000 16,450,000 Peoples of the Caucasus in Turkey / Peoples of the Caucasus
Central Asia
1 Skabelon:Lande data Kazakhstan 10,000 10,000 Kazakhs
2 Skabelon:Lande data Kyrgyzstan 1,600 1,600 Kyrgyzs
3 Skabelon:Lande data Tajikistan 1,000 1,000 Tajiks
4 Turkmenistan Turkmenistan 1,500 1,500 Turkmens
5 Skabelon:Lande data East Turkestan 50,000 50,000 Uyghurs
6 Usbekistan Uzbekistan 45,000 45,000 Uzbeks
3 Total 120,000 120,000 Central Asian peoples
Turkic peoples
1 Aserbajdsjan Azerbaijan 530,000 800,000 Azerbaijanis in Turkey / Azerbaijanis
2 Skabelon:Lande data Crimea 150,000 6,000,000 Crimean Tatars in Turkey / Crimean Tatars
3 Skabelon:Lande data Karachay-Cherkessia 20,000 20,000 Karachays
4 Tyrkiet Turkey 40,000 75,000 Meskhetian Turks
4 Total 740,000 6,895,000 Turkic peoples
Iranian peoples
1 Afghanistan Afghanistan 25,000 50,000 Afghans in Turkey / Afghans
2 Iran Iran 500,000 650,000 Iranian diaspora / Persians
3 Kurdistan (Irak) Kurdistan 13,000,000 23,000,000 Kurds in Turkey / Kurdish population / Turkish Kurdistan / Kurds
4 Kurdistan (Irak) Kurdistan 1,000,000 3,000,000 Zaza Kurds / Zaza nationalism / Zaza language
5 Skabelon:Lande data North Ossetia-Alania 50,000 50,000 Ossetians in Turkey / Ossetians
6 Skabelon:Lande data Romani 700,000 5,000,000 Romani people in Turkey / Romani people
5 Total 15,300,000 31,750,000 Iranian peoples
European peoples
1 Holland Netherlands 15,000 15,000 Dutch people
2 Tyskland Germany 50,000 50,000 Germans in Turkey / Germans
3 Storbritannien Great Britain 35,000 35,000 Britons in Turkey / British people
4 Italien Italy 35,000 35,000 Levantines in Turkey / Levantines (Latin Catholics)
5 Polen Poland 4,000 4,000 Polish diaspora / Poles
6 Rusland Russia 50,000 50,000 Russians in Turkey / Russians
6 Total 190,000 190,000 European peoples
Other Minorities
1 Skabelon:Lande data African Union 100,000 100,000 Afro Turks / African diaspora / Africans
2 Skabelon:Lande data Arab League 1,500,000 5,000,000 Arabs in Turkey / Iraqis in Turkey / Arabs
3 Skabelon:Lande data Assyria 15,000 65,000 Assyrians in Turkey / Assyrian genocide / Assyrians
4 Israel Israel 15,000 18,000 Jews in Turkey / Antisemitism in Turkey / Jews
7 Total 1,630,000 5,200,000 Other Minorities in Turkey
37 Group Grand Total 21,080,000 68,505,000 Minorities in Turkey

Turkmenistan

Skabelon:Main article

Uzbekistan

Skabelon:Main article

Past and future population

Rank Country Area 1950 2000 2050 2100
1 Tyrkiet Tyrkiet 783,562 21,122,000 65,970,000 89,291,000 87,983,000
2 Usbekistan Usbekistan 447,400 6,293,000 25,042,000 35,117,000 32,077,000
3 Kasakhstan Kasakhstan 2,724,900 6,694,000 15,688,000 22,238,000 24,712,000
4 Aserbajdsjan Aserbajdsjan 86,600 2,886,000 8,464,000 11,210,000 9,636,000
5 Skabelon:KGZ 199,900 1,739,000 4,938,000 7,064,000 9,046,000
6 Skabelon:TKM 488,100 1,205,000 4,386,000 6,608,000 5,606,000
Total 4,730,462 39,939,000 124,488,000 171,528,000 169,060,000

Land and water area (excluding Caspian Sea)

This list includes dependent territories within their sovereign states (including uninhabited territories), but does not include claims on Antarctica. EEZ+TIA is exclusive economic zone (EEZ) plus total internal area (TIA) which includes land and internal waters.

Rank Country Area EEZ Shelf EEZ+TIA
1 Tyrkiet Tyrkiet 783,562 261,654 56,093 1,045,216
2 Usbekistan Usbekistan 447,400 0 0 447,400
3 Kasakhstan Kasakhstan 2,724,900 0 0 2,724,900
4 Aserbajdsjan Aserbajdsjan 86,600 0 0 86,600
5 Skabelon:KGZ 199,900 0 0 199,900
6 Skabelon:TKM 488,100 0 0 488,100
Total 4,730,462 261,654 56,093 4,992,116

Noter

  1. ^ «Timur», Columbia Encyclopedia, 6. utg. 2001–2005, Columbia University Press.
  2. ^ «Consolidation & expansion of the Indo-Timurids», Encyclopædia Britannica Online, 2007.
  3. ^ Horn, Frank & Niemi, Heli (Juni 2004): «National Minorities of Finland, The Tatars», Virtual Finland (Det finske udenrigsdepartement)

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